{"id":4296,"date":"2026-10-20T04:35:14","date_gmt":"2026-10-20T04:35:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/?p=4296"},"modified":"2026-10-21T04:42:03","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T04:42:03","slug":"internet-as-a-fundamental-right","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/internet-as-a-fundamental-right\/","title":{"rendered":"Internet as a Fundamental Right"},"content":{"rendered":"<table style=\"font-size: 16px; font-style: normal;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<blockquote><p><b>SYLLABUS: Indian Polity<\/b><\/p>\n<p><b>General Studies \u2013 :\u00a0 II <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary\u2014Ministries and Departments of the Government; pressure groups and formal\/informal associations and their role in the Polity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>IN NEWS:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Internet access as a fundamental right for children: What the Supreme Court ruling means<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>QUESTION: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u201cThe recognition of internet access as a fundamental right strengthens the substantive dimensions of Articles 19 and 21 of the Constitution.\u201d Examine.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><b>ANSWER: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The recognition of internet access as a fundamental right\u2014most notably articulated by the Supreme Court of India in <\/span><b><i>Anuradha Bhasin v. Union of India (2020)<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u2014marks a pivotal evolution in Indian constitutional law. Rather than creating an entirely new right, the judiciary interpreted internet access as an essential catalyst that activates, protects, and expands the <\/span><b>substantive dimensions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> of <\/span><b>Article 19<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Freedom of Speech and Expression, Trade, and Profession) and <\/span><b>Article 21<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> (Right to Life and Personal Liberty).<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>1. Strengthening Article 19: Enhancing Democratic &amp; Economic Freedom<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 19 guarantees fundamental freedoms, but in the digital age, these freedoms cannot be meaningfully exercised without digital infrastructure.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 19(1)(a) \u2013 Freedom of Speech and Expression:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Internet as a Medium:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> In <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anuradha Bhasin<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, the Supreme Court held that the freedom of speech and expression through the medium of the internet is a constitutionally protected right under Article 19(1)(a).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Democratization of Expression:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> The internet serves as a global forum for opinion, news dissemination, citizen journalism, and dissent. Recognizing internet access ensures that freedom of expression is not restricted to traditional, physical print or broadcast media.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Article 19(1)(g) \u2013 Freedom of Trade, Commerce, and Profession:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Digital Economy:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Modern trade, e-commerce, banking, freelancing, and digital services rely entirely on internet connectivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><b>Protection of Livelihood:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Arbitrary internet shutdowns paralyze small businesses, gig workers, and online platforms. Elevating internet access ensures that state restrictions on connectivity must satisfy the test of <\/span><b>proportionality<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> and reasonableness under Article 19(6).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>2. Strengthening Article 21: Expanding Life with Dignity<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Article 21 has evolved from mere animal existence to living a life with human dignity (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">). Internet access directly enriches several implicit rights under Article 21:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Right to Education (Article 21A &amp; Article 21):<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Kerala High Court in <\/span><b><i>Faheema Shirin v. State of Kerala (2019)<\/i><\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> explicitly declared the right to access the internet as part of the Right to Education and Right to Privacy under Article 21.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Internet access bridges educational divides, enabling online learning, access to research, and skill development.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Right to Health and Essential Services:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Telemedicine, online health consultations, emergency services, and digital welfare delivery (e.g., public distribution systems, direct benefit transfers) require reliable internet connectivity.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Right to Information &amp; Autonomy:<\/b>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">An informed citizen is central to personal autonomy. Internet access empowers individuals to seek knowledge, make informed health\/lifestyle decisions, and engage in self-development.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>3. Substantive vs. Formal Rights: Bridging the Digital Divide<\/b><\/h2>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Formal Right<\/b><\/td>\n<td><b>Substantive Dimension (Enhanced by Internet Access)<\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Speech (19(1)(a))<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Freedom to publish ideas online and reach a global audience without arbitrary state blackouts.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Trade (19(1)(g))<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Equal capability for rural entrepreneurs, gig workers, and small sellers to access markets online.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><b>Life &amp; Liberty (21)<\/b><\/td>\n<td><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Meaningful access to digital healthcare, online education, e-governance, and public services.<\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><b>Challenges and Way Forward<\/b><\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Frequent Internet Shutdowns:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> India continues to experience localized internet shutdowns. Ensuring that shutdowns are strictly proportionate, temporary, and subject to periodic review remains a critical challenge.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Digital Divide:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Structural inequalities in digital literacy, rural broadband infrastructure (e.g., BharatNet completion), and device affordability can turn a fundamental right into a privilege for the urban affluent.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Data Privacy &amp; Cybersecurity:<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Expanding internet access without robust privacy protections and safe digital spaces compromises personal liberty under Article 21 (<\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Puttaswamy<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> judgment).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<table>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<blockquote><p><b>PYQ REFERENCE UPSC 2020<\/b><\/p>\n<p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&#8220;The right to speech and expression under Article 19(1)(a) is not absolute and is subject to reasonable restrictions under Article 19(2).&#8221;<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Discuss in the context of recent developments regarding digital space and internet regulations.<\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>SOURCE: <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-law\/supreme-court-internet-access-fundamental-right-children-10927583\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-law\/supreme-court-internet-access-fundamental-right-children-10927583\/<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SYLLABUS: Indian Polity General Studies \u2013 :\u00a0 II Structure, organization and functioning of the Executive and the Judiciary\u2014Ministries and Departments [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4297,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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