{"id":3815,"date":"2026-08-05T06:24:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-05T06:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=3815"},"modified":"2026-08-10T06:43:46","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T06:43:46","slug":"registration-of-births-and-deaths-free-trade-agreements-ftas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/registration-of-births-and-deaths-free-trade-agreements-ftas\/","title":{"rendered":"Registration of Births and Deaths &amp; Free Trade Agreements (FTAs)"},"content":{"rendered":"\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>1. \u201cIn a welfare state, documentation should facilitate inclusion rather than become a barrier to accessing rights.\u201d Discuss in the context of delayed birth registration in India.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color: #f7c8685c;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> <strong>General Studies \u2013 : II <\/strong><br \/><strong>Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation.\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IN NEWS:<\/strong> Proof of life<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">A welfare state is constitutionally obligated to ensure that <strong>procedural requirements do not obstruct substantive rights<\/strong>. Birth registration, governed by the Registration of Births and Deaths Act, 1969, is the gateway to legal identity and access to welfare. However, delayed registration often excludes vulnerable citizens from essential services, raising concerns about balancing administrative integrity with social justice.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How delayed birth registration becomes a barrier to rights<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exclusion from welfare entitlements<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-6\">\r\n<li>Denial or delay in accessing <strong>education, healthcare, scholarships, pensions, and social security schemes<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Difficulty in availing benefits under programmes such as <strong>PM-JAY<\/strong>, <strong>ICDS<\/strong>, and <strong>PM-KISAN<\/strong> where identity documentation is required.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Marginalisation of vulnerable groups<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-8\">\r\n<li>Tribal communities, migrant workers, homeless persons, disaster-affected populations, and children born outside institutional healthcare face higher risks of non-registration.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Women and children suffer disproportionately due to weak documentation systems.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Violation of constitutional and human rights<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-10\">\r\n<li>Undermines <strong>Articles 14, 15, 21 and 21A<\/strong>, affecting equality, dignity, education and life.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Contravenes India&#8217;s obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, which recognises every child&#8217;s right to registration immediately after birth.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Administrative consequences<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-12\">\r\n<li>Creates lifelong hurdles in obtaining Aadhaar, passports, voter identity cards, and employment documents.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Increases litigation and dependence on discretionary administrative approvals.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Need for documentation with integrity<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-14\">\r\n<li>Reliable civil registration is essential for demographic planning, public health, fraud prevention and targeted welfare delivery.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Accurate records strengthen governance, disaster response and evidence-based policymaking.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Safeguards are necessary to prevent fraudulent claims and identity manipulation.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Measures to ensure inclusion<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-16\">\r\n<li>Adopt a <strong>rights-based and citizen-centric approach<\/strong> to delayed registration.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Simplify procedures through <strong>self-declarations, community verification and digital records<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Strengthen universal institutional birth registration and door-step registration in remote areas.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Integrate <strong>Civil Registration System (CRS)<\/strong> with health institutions while ensuring accessibility.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Conduct awareness campaigns and provide legal aid for vulnerable populations.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Implement the recommendations of the <strong>Registrar General of India<\/strong> for universal and timely registration.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\">In a welfare state, documentation is <strong>a means to realise rights, not a precondition that excludes citizens from them<\/strong>. Administrative safeguards must coexist with constitutional compassion so that birth registration promotes <strong>inclusive governance, social justice and universal access to welfare<\/strong>, leaving no citizen invisible.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color: #f7c8685c;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE UPSC 2017<\/strong> <br \/>Examine the scope of Fundamental Rights in the light of the latest judgment of the Supreme Court on Right to Privacy. (GS-II, 15 Marks)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color: #4815ede3;\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/197652\/OPS\/GEDGACL9J.1+GBDGBIASU.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/197652\/OPS\/GEDGACL9J.1+GBDGBIASU.1.html<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color: #cf2d2df0;\"><strong>2. \u201cIndia needs an industrial policy-led FTA strategy rather than an FTA-led industrial strategy.\u201d Discuss.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color: #f7c8685c;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>SYLLABUS: Indian Economy<\/strong> <br \/><strong>General Studies \u2013 : <\/strong>Effects of liberalization on the economy, changes in industrial policy and their effects on industrial growth.\u00a0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IN NEWS:<\/strong> The problem with India\u2019s free trade agreement strategy<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\">Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) reduce tariff and non-tariff barriers to promote trade and investment. However, India&#8217;s experience with several FTAs has highlighted that <strong>trade liberalisation alone cannot create globally competitive industries<\/strong>. As emphasised in the <strong>Economic Survey 2025\u201326<\/strong>, FTAs should complement\u2014not substitute\u2014a coherent industrial policy aimed at strengthening domestic productive capacity.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why India needs an industrial policy-led FTA strategy<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Builds domestic competitiveness before market opening<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-24\">\r\n<li>Industrial policies such as <strong>Production Linked Incentive (PLI)<\/strong>, <strong>Semicon India Programme<\/strong>, and <strong>PM Gati Shakti<\/strong> improve manufacturing capabilities before exposing firms to global competition.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Enhances productivity, technology adoption and economies of scale.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Promotes integration into Global Value Chains (GVCs)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-26\">\r\n<li>Sector-specific industrial support enables firms to benefit from FTAs in electronics, automobiles, pharmaceuticals and textiles.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Aligns trade commitments with national manufacturing priorities.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Prevents premature de-industrialisation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-28\">\r\n<li>Opening markets without competitive industries can increase imports, widen trade deficits and hurt MSMEs.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Ensures calibrated tariff liberalisation for sunrise and strategic sectors.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Strengthens employment and value addition<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-30\">\r\n<li>Industrial policy encourages labour-intensive manufacturing and domestic value chains.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Supports the objectives of <strong>Make in India<\/strong> and employment-led growth.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Enhances strategic autonomy<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-32\">\r\n<li>Industrial policy identifies critical sectors such as semiconductors, renewable energy, defence and critical minerals where selective protection and incentives are necessary.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>FTAs can then be negotiated to secure technology, investment and resilient supply chains.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why FTAs remain important<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-34\">\r\n<li>Expand export markets and diversify destinations.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Attract FDI and technology transfer.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Improve access to affordable intermediate inputs.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Increase India&#8217;s participation in trusted global supply chains.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Recent FTAs with <strong>UAE<\/strong>, <strong>Australia<\/strong>, and the <strong>UK<\/strong> create opportunities for merchandise exports, services and skilled mobility.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Way Forward<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-36\">\r\n<li>Adopt <strong>sector-specific FTA negotiations<\/strong> aligned with industrial priorities.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Strengthen <strong>R&amp;D, skilling, logistics and MSME competitiveness<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Use <strong>Rules of Origin<\/strong>, safeguard measures and quality standards to prevent import circumvention.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Align FTAs with the <strong>National Manufacturing Mission<\/strong>, <strong>PLI<\/strong>, <strong>National Logistics Policy<\/strong>, and <strong>Districts as Export Hubs<\/strong> initiative.<\/li>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<li>Continuously review FTA outcomes based on export performance and domestic value addition.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\">An industrial policy determines <strong>what India should produce competitively<\/strong>, while FTAs determine <strong>where those products can be sold efficiently<\/strong>. Therefore, India&#8217;s trade strategy should be <strong>driven by industrial capabilities rather than expecting FTAs alone to create them<\/strong>, ensuring sustainable manufacturing growth, employment generation and progress towards <strong>Viksit Bharat 2047<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\">\r\n<table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color: #f7c8685c;\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE UPSC 2018<\/strong> <br \/>Q. What are the key areas of reform if the WTO has to survive in the present context of \u2018Trade War\u2019, especially keeping in mind the interest of India?<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color: #4815ede3;\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/197652\/OPS\/GEDGACL9O.1+G2GGBJ4T8.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/197652\/OPS\/GEDGACL9O.1+G2GGBJ4T8.1.html<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cIn a welfare state, documentation should facilitate inclusion rather than become a barrier to accessing rights.\u201d Discuss in the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3816,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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