{"id":2862,"date":"2026-02-02T15:09:28","date_gmt":"2026-02-02T15:09:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2862"},"modified":"2026-02-02T15:09:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-02T15:09:28","slug":"daily-current-affairs-02-02-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-02-02-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS \u2013 02.02.2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Which of the following are the objectives of the PM-SETU scheme?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. To improve the quality of training delivery in ITIs and NSTIs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. To provide direct financial support to startups and entrepreneurs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. To modernize infrastructure and equipment as per industry standards<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\">4. To introduce industry-aligned long-term and short-term courses in emerging sectors<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> OBJECTIVES OF PM-SETU SCHEME<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>PM-SETU SCHEME:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-15\">\n<li>The PM-SETU (Pradhan Mantri Skilling and Employability Transformation through Upgraded ITIs) is a landmark centrally sponsored scheme launched in 2024, to overhaul India&#8217;s vocational training landscape.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The scheme aims at the transformation of 1,000 Government Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and 5 National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs) into modern, industry-aligned centres of excellence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Objective of the Scheme<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\">The PM-SETU scheme aims to <strong>enhance the quality and relevance of vocational training<\/strong> in India by modernizing ITIs and NSTIs and strengthening industry linkages. Key objectives include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-18\">\n<li><strong>Improve training delivery<\/strong> in Industrial Training Institutes (ITIs) and National Skill Training Institutes (NSTIs).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Modernize infrastructure and equipment<\/strong> according to industry standards.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Introduce industry-aligned courses<\/strong>, both long-term and short-term, especially in <strong>emerging sectors<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strengthen industry linkages<\/strong> to enable demand-driven skilling and better employment outcomes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enhance training capacity<\/strong> of NSTIs, including training of trainers, with a focus on global standards.<br><strong>Hence 1, 3 and 4 are correct and 2 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scheme Components:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-20\">\n<li><strong>Component I \u2013 Upgradation of ITIs (Hub &amp; Spoke Model):<\/strong><ul><li><strong>Scope:<\/strong> 1,000 Government ITIs (200 Hubs + 800 Spokes).<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Upgradation includes:<\/strong> Smart classrooms, modern labs, digital content, and <strong>new courses aligned to industry needs<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Component II \u2013 Capacity Augmentation of NSTIs:<\/strong><ul><li><strong>Location:<\/strong> Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Hyderabad, Kanpur, Ludhiana.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Focus:<\/strong> Establish sector-specific <strong>National Centres of Excellence<\/strong>, advanced training of trainers, global partnerships.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-22\">\n<li><strong>Industry-led governance:<\/strong> Enhances employability outcomes and ensures courses meet <strong>industry demand<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Support for learners:<\/strong> Career guidance, placement support, exposure to real work environments, and self-employment support.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>State-led selection:<\/strong> States\/UTs identify ITIs for upgradation in consultation with industry.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National &amp; State Steering Committees:<\/strong><ul><li><strong>National Steering Committee (NSC):<\/strong> Chaired by Secretary, MSDE, oversees policy, operations, and monitoring.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>State Steering Committees (SSC):<\/strong> Chaired by Chief Secretary, guide and oversee scheme implementation at State level.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#000dfe\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2222121&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2222121&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement I:<\/strong> El\u202fNi\u00f1o events generally lead to below-average southwest monsoon rainfall over India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement II:<\/strong> El\u202fNi\u00f1o refers to the abnormal cooling of the equatorial Pacific Ocean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement III:<\/strong> ENSO-neutral conditions indicate a strong La\u202fNi\u00f1a event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both explain Statement I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>El Nino on the horizon during monsoon months<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>El\u202fNi\u00f1o &amp; Indian Monsoon:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-37\">\n<li><strong>El\u202fNi\u00f1o<\/strong> is the abnormal warming of the <strong>central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean<\/strong>, part of the <strong>ENSO (El\u202fNi\u00f1o\u2013Southern Oscillation) cycle<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement II is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La\u202fNi\u00f1a<\/strong> is the cooling phase of ENSO, while <strong>ENSO-neutral<\/strong> indicates <strong>neither El\u202fNi\u00f1o nor La\u202fNi\u00f1a is active. Hence statement III is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>According to the <strong>India Meteorological Department (IMD)<\/strong>, <strong>ENSO-neutral conditions are likely to persist until July 2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IMD reports a <strong>probability of El\u202fNi\u00f1o developing after July 2026<\/strong>, with final clarity expected in <strong>April 2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>El\u202fNi\u00f1o events generally weaken the Indian southwest monsoon<\/strong>, increasing the risk of <strong>below-average rainfall and drought conditions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La\u202fNi\u00f1a events<\/strong> typically strengthen the Indian southwest monsoon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ENSO-neutral conditions generally result in <strong>normal or average monsoon rainfall<\/strong> over India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>El\u202fNi\u00f1o affects <strong>agriculture, water resources, and hydroelectric power generation<\/strong> due to reduced rainfall.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#d9e3ed\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. La Nina is suspected to have caused recent floods in Australia. How is La Nina different from EI Nino?<\/strong> <br><br>1. La Nina is characterized by un\u00adusually cold ocean temperature in equatorial Indian ocean whereas EI Nino is characterized by unusually warm ocean temperature in the equatorial pacific ocean. <br>2. EI Nino has adverse effect on south\u00adwest monsoon of India, but La Nina has no effect on monsoon climate. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 only <br>(c) Both 1 and 2 <br><strong>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0e00fc\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/el-nino-on-the-horizon-during-monsoon-months\/article70574911.ece#:~:text=There%20is%20a%20chance%20that,India%20Meteorological%20Department%20(IMD)\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/el-nino-on-the-horizon-during-monsoon-months\/article70574911.ece#:~:text=There%20is%20a%20chance%20that,India%20Meteorological%20Department%20(IMD)<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Which one of the following is the correct description of \u2018Bharat-VISTAAR\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) It is a multilingual artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital platform to modernize agriculture, improve farmer decision-making, and boost farm productivity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) It is a platform for accelerating the transition towards food and water systems that are net-zero (carbon), nature-positive and that aims to increase farmer resilience.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) It is an international alliance and a network of individuals and farming organisations interested in supporting and strengthening the development of the organic animal husbandry.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) It is a digital platform fully integrated with service providers and built on blockchain that lets buyers, sellers and third parties trade fertilizers quickly and securely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) It is a multilingual artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital platform to modernize agriculture, improve farmer decision-making, and boost farm productivity.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>\u2018Bharat-VISTAAR\u2019 proposed in the Union Budget 2026-27<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bharat-VISTAAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-48\">\n<li>Bharat-VISTAAR stands for <strong>Virtually Integrated System to Access Agricultural Resources.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a <strong>multilingual artificial intelligence (AI)-driven digital platform<\/strong> proposed in the Union Budget 2026-27 by the Finance Minister<strong> to modernize agriculture, improve farmer decision-making, and boost farm productivity. Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bharat-VISTAAR will integrate:<ul><li><strong>AgriStack portals <\/strong>(a national digital ecosystem of farmer and farm data), and<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ICAR <\/strong>(Indian Council of Agricultural Research) recommended best practices.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This helps tailor advisories based on scientific research and actual farmer conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Objectives of Bharat-VISTAAR:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-50\">\n<li><strong>Enhance Farm Productivity:<\/strong> By using AI to deliver scientific, data-driven guidance tailored to crops, soil, weather and farm conditions, farmers can adopt better practices and increase yields.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Improve Farmer Decision-Making: <\/strong>The tool contextualizes vast agricultural data including climate and soil information into easy-to-understand advisories that help farmers make informed on-field decisions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduce Farming Risks:<\/strong> By offering customized advisory support, including risk forecasts (like pests, weather hazards, market signals), farmers can proactively manage threats to crops and income.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#a7eccf\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which one of the following is the correct description of 100 million Farmers?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) It is a platform for accelerating the transition towards food and water systems that are net-zero (carbon), nature-positive and that aims to increase farmer resilience.<\/strong> <br>(b) It is an international alliance and a network of individuals and farming organisations interested in supporting and strengthening the development of the organic animal husbandry. <br>(c) It is a digital platform fully integrated with service providers and built on blockchain that lets buyers, sellers and third parties trade fertilizers quickly and securely. <br>(d) It is a platform with the mission of encouraging the farmers to form Framer Product Organisations or Agribusiness Consortiums, thus facilitating the access to global open markets to sell their products.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1e00ff\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221432&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221432&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Which of the following wetlands are designated Ramsar sites in India?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Chhari-Dhand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Patna Bird Sanctuary<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Kolleru Lake<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Bhitarkanika Mangroves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Prime Minister welcomes new Ramsar sites at Patna Bird Sanctuary and Chhari-Dhand<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ramsar Sites in India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-66\">\n<li>Total Ramsar sites: <strong>98 wetlands<\/strong> of international importance under the Ramsar Convention (1971).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India ranks among the top countries globally by number of Ramsar sites.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tamil Nadu<\/strong> has the highest number of Ramsar sites in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>New Ramsar Sites (January 2026)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-68\">\n<li><strong>Patna Bird Sanctuary<\/strong>, located in <strong>Etah district of Uttar Pradesh<\/strong>, has been designated as a <strong>Ramsar site<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chhari-Dhand<\/strong>, situated in the <strong>Kutch region of Gujarat<\/strong>, has also been recognised as a <strong>Ramsar site<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ramsar designation is given to wetlands of <strong>international importance<\/strong> under the <strong>Ramsar Convention (1971)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The recognition of these two wetlands reaffirms <strong>India\u2019s commitment to biodiversity conservation and protection of vital ecosystems<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Both Patna Bird Sanctuary and Chhari-Dhand serve as <strong>important habitats for migratory as well as native bird species<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Chhari-Dhand<\/strong> is a <strong>seasonal saline wetland<\/strong> located in an <strong>arid\/semi-arid ecological region<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Patna Bird Sanctuary<\/strong> is a <strong>freshwater wetland<\/strong> that supports avifauna associated with riverine and floodplain ecosystems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ramsar status encourages <strong>sustainable (wise) use of wetlands<\/strong> while involving <strong>local communities<\/strong> in conservation efforts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is a <strong>signatory to the Ramsar Convention<\/strong>, having joined it in <strong>1982<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ramsar sites are designated to ensure the <strong>long-term ecological character of wetlands<\/strong> is maintained.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ramsar sites by state<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\">As of January 2026,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>State\/UT<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>No. of sites<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Name of site<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Andhra Pradesh<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kolleru_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kolleru Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Assam<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dipor_Bil\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Deepor Beel<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Chhattisgarh<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Kopra_Reservoir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kopra Reservoir<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bihar<\/td><td>6<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Gogabeel_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gogabeel Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Gokul_Reservoir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gokul Reservoir<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanwar_Lake_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kanwar Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nagi_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nagi Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Nakti_lake&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nakti lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Udaypur_Wildlife_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Udaypur Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Goa<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanda_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nanda Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Gujarat<\/td><td>5<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Chhari-Dhand&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chhari-Dhand<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Khijadiya_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khijadiya<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nal_Sarovar_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nalsarovar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thol_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thol Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wadhvana_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wadhvana Wetland<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Haryana<\/td><td>2<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sultanpur_National_Park\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sultanpur National Park<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhindawas_Wildlife_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Himachal Pradesh<\/td><td>3<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chandra_Taal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chandra Taal<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pong_Dam_Lake_Wildlife_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pong Dam Lake Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Renuka_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Renuka Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jammu and Kashmir<\/td><td>5<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hokersar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hokersar Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Hygam_Wetland_Conservation_Reserve&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hygam Wetland Conservation Reserve<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shallabugh_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Shallabugh Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Mansar-Surinsar_Wildlife_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Mansar-Surinsar Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wular_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Wular Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Jharkhand<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Udhwa_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Udhwa Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Karnataka<\/td><td>4<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ranganathittu_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ranganathittu Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ankasamudra_Bird_Conservation_Reserve&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ankasamudra Bird Conservation Reserve<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Aghanashini_Estuary&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Aghanashini Estuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Magadi_Kere_Conservation_Reserve&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Magadi Kere Conservation Reserve<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kerala<\/td><td>3<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ashtamudi_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ashtamudi Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sasthamcotta_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sasthamkotta Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vembanad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vembanad-Kol Wetland<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ladakh<\/td><td>2<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tso_Kar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tso Kar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tsomoriri_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tsomoriri Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Madhya Pradesh<\/td><td>5<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhoj_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bhoj Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakhya_Sagar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sakhya Sagar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sirpur_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sirpur Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Yashwant_Sagar\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Yashwant Sagar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tawa_Reservoir\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tawa Reservoir<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maharashtra<\/td><td>3<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Lonar_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Lonar Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nandur_Madhmeshwar_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nandur Madhameshwar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thane_Creek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thane Creek<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Manipur<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Loktak_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Loktak Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mizoram<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pala_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pala Wetland<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Odisha<\/td><td>6<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ansupa_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ansupa Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bhitarkanika_Mangroves\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bhitarkanika Mangroves<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chilika_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chilika Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hirakud_Dam\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Hirakud Reservoir<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Satkosia_Gorge\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Satkosia Gorge<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tampara_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tampara Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Punjab,_India\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Punjab<\/a><\/td><td>6<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beas_Conservation_Reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Beas Conservation Reserve<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Harike_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Harike Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanjli_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kanjli Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Keshopur-Miani_Community_Reserve&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keshopur-Miani Community Reserve<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nangal_Wildlife_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nangal Wildlife Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ropar_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ropar Wetland<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Rajasthan<\/td><td>5<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keoladeo_National_Park\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Keoladeo National Park<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sambhar_Salt_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sambhar Lake<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Khichan_Wetland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khichan Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Menar_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Menar Wetland Complex<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siliserh_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Silisereh Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Sikkim<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Khecheopalri_Wetland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Khecheopalri Wetland<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tamil Nadu<\/td><td>20<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chitrangudi_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chitrangudi Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gulf_of_Mannar_Marine_Biosphere_Reserve\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kanjirankulam_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kanjirankulam Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karaivetti_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karaivetti Bird Sanctuary<\/a>,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Karikili_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Karikili Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Koonthankulam_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Koonthankulam Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Longwood_Shola_Reserve_Forest&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Longwood Shola Reserve Forest<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pallikaranai_wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pallikarnai Marsh Reserve Forest<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pichavaram\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Pichavaram Mangrove<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Point_Calimere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suchindram_Theroor_Wetland_Complex\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Suchindram Theroor Wetland Complex<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Udhayamarthandapuram_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Udhayamarthandapuram Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vadavur_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vadavur Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vedanthangal_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vellode_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vellode Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Suchindram_Theroor_Birds_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vembannur Wetland Complex<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nanjarayan_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nanjarayan Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kazhuveli_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Kazhuveli Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sakkarakottai_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Therthangal_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Therthangal Bird Sanctuary<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tripura\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Tripura<\/a><\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rudrasagar_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Rudrasagar Lake<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uttar Pradesh<\/td><td>11<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patna_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Patna Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bakhira_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Bakhira Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haiderpur_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Haiderpur Wetland<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nawabganj_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Parvati_Arga_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Parvati Arga Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saman_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Saman Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Samaspur_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Samaspur Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sandi_Bird_Sanctuary\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sandi Bird Sanctuary<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarsai_Nawar_Wetland\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sarsai Nawar Jheel<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Keetham_Lake\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sur Sarovar<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ganges_Canal\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Upper Ganga River<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Uttarakhand<\/td><td>1<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Asan_Barrage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Asan Barrage<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>West Bengal<\/td><td>2<\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/East_Kolkata_Wetlands\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">East Kolkata Wetlands<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sundarbans_National_Park\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Sundarban Wetland<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Total<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>98<\/strong><\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence all are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#80c3ea\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2019)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Under Ramsar Convention, it is mandatory on the part of the Government of India to protect and conserve all the wetlands in the territory of India. <br>2. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 were framed by the Government of India based on the recommendations of Ramsar Convention. <br>3. The Wetlands (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010 also encompass the drainage area or catchment regions of the wetlands as determined by the authority. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 2 only <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br><strong>(c) 3 only<\/strong> <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3c00ff\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221126&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221126&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Chabahar Port, which India has been developing for strategic connectivity, is located on the coast of which country?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Oman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Iran<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Pakistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Afghanistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Iran<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Budget 2026-27: India cuts outlay for Iran\u2019s Chabahar port to zero, halves Bangladesh aid amid strained ties<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>No Budget Allocation for Chabahar Port (2026\u201327)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-82\">\n<li>In the <strong>Union Budget 2026\u201327<\/strong>, the Government of India <strong>did not allocate any funding<\/strong> for the <strong>Chabahar port project in Iran<\/strong> \u2014 bringing its budgetary outlay to <strong>zero<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Previously, India had <strong>earmarked funds annually<\/strong> (e.g., \u20b9100\u2013\u20b9400 crore in recent years) to support the development of the port.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The withdrawal of funding is widely linked to <strong>renewed U.S. sanctions on Iran<\/strong>, which increase risks for Indian involvement in the project and have influenced India to pause direct financial support.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strategic Importance of Chabahar Port<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-84\">\n<li><strong>Chabahar Port<\/strong>, located in <strong>Iran\u2019s Sistan-Balochistan province<\/strong>, has been a <strong>key strategic connectivity project<\/strong> for India, offering a trade route to <strong>Afghanistan and Central Asia<\/strong> that bypasses Pakistan. <strong>Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India signed a <strong>long-term agreement (10 years)<\/strong> to operate the <strong>Shahid Beheshti terminal<\/strong> at Chabahar as part of its regional connectivity strategy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Despite the zero allocation in the Budget, India still engages diplomatically to safeguard its interests, including managing operational aspects under international sanctions exemptions (e.g., a temporary U.S. waiver until April).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Broader Foreign Aid Shifts<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-86\">\n<li>Alongside dropping Chabahar funds, India <strong>halved its development assistance to Bangladesh<\/strong> in 2026\u201327 \u2014 reducing the allocation from <strong>\u20b9120 crore to \u20b960 crore<\/strong> \u2014 a move seen in the context of <strong>strained diplomatic relations<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ministry of External Affairs\u2019 allocation overall still increased modestly, with countries like <strong>Bhutan, Nepal, Mauritius and Maldives<\/strong> receiving larger shares of India\u2019s external assistance in the Budget.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#f1e1bd\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2017)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. What is the importance of developing Chabahar Port by India?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) India\u2019s trade with African countries will enormously increase. <br>(b) India\u2019s relations with oil-producing Arab countries will be strengthened. <br><strong>(c) India will not depend on Pakistan for access to Afghanistan and Central Asia.<\/strong> <br>(d) Pakistan will facilitate and protect the installation of a gas pipeline between Iraq and India.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0d00ff\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/budget-2026-27-india-irans-chabahar-port-zero-halves-bangladesh-aid-strained-ties-10507914\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/budget-2026-27-india-irans-chabahar-port-zero-halves-bangladesh-aid-strained-ties-10507914\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. With reference to Pench Tiger Reserve, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It is a transboundary tiger reserve located in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The Pench River flowing through the reserve is a tributary of the Narmada River.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\">3. It is brought under Project Tiger to conserve the Bengal tiger and associated biodiversity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Pench Tiger Reserve is designated as a Ramsar site.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Pench Tiger Reserve<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pench Tiger Reserve:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-102\">\n<li><strong>Pench Tiger Reserve<\/strong> is a <strong>transboundary tiger reserve<\/strong> spread across <strong>Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reserve is named after the <strong>Pench River<\/strong>, which flows through it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Pench River<\/strong> is a tributary of the <strong>Kanhan River<\/strong>, which ultimately forms part of the <strong>Godavari river basin<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pench Tiger Reserve lies in the <strong>Central Indian biogeographic zone<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The dominant forest type in the reserve is <strong>tropical moist and dry deciduous forest<\/strong>, with <strong>teak<\/strong> as a major species.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reserve was brought under <strong>Project Tiger<\/strong> to conserve the <strong>Bengal tiger<\/strong> and associated biodiversity. <strong>Hence statement 3 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pench Tiger Reserve is associated with <strong>Rudyard Kipling\u2019s <em>The Jungle Book<\/em><\/strong>, as the region inspired its forest setting.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Apart from tigers, the reserve supports species such as <strong>leopard, gaur, dhole, chital and sambar<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pench Tiger Reserve plays an important role in maintaining <strong>ecological connectivity<\/strong> within the <strong>Central Indian tiger landscape<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pench Tiger Reserve is <strong>not designated as a Ramsar site<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 4 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#ecf54575\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2020)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Among the following Tiger Reserves, which one has the largest area under \u201cCritical Tiger Habitat\u201d?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Corbett <br>(b) Ranthambore <br><strong>(c) Nagarjunasagar-Srisailam<\/strong> <br>(d) Sundarbans<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. Consider the following:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Stationary Energy Storage Systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Electric Vehicles<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Warehouse robotics<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Smartphones<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the above are considered the applications of Advanced Chemistry Cells?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>What\u2019s ailing India\u2019s battery scheme for EVs? | Explained<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Advanced Chemistry Cells:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-117\">\n<li>Advanced Chemistry Cells (ACCs) are next-generation energy storage technologies, such as advanced lithium-ion, that store electric energy chemically for <strong>EVs and renewable storage<\/strong>, offering higher density, faster charging, and longer lifecycles than traditional batteries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is investing \u20b918,100 crore in a PLI scheme to establish 50 GWh of domestic manufacturing capacity by 2026 to reduce import dependency.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Common ACC chemistries include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-119\">\n<li>Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Solid-state batteries (emerging technology)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Applications:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-121\">\n<li><strong>Electric Mobility (EVs): <\/strong>This is the largest driver of ACC demand. They power electric cars, buses, and two-wheelers, where high energy density is critical for longer driving ranges and shorter charging times.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Stationary Energy Storage Systems (ESS):<\/strong> ACCs store intermittent renewable energy from solar and wind farms to stabilize the electrical grid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Grid Stabilization:<\/strong> They are used for load balancing, frequency regulation, and peak shaving. In India, 10 GWh of manufacturing capacity is specifically earmarked for Grid Scale Stationary Storage (GSSS).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consumer Electronics: <\/strong>High-density ACCs power smartphones, laptops, and tablets where compact size and light weight are essential.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Aerospace &amp; Defense: <\/strong>Used in spacecraft, satellites, and potentially electric aircraft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Railways: <\/strong>Employed for modern propulsion and auxiliary power systems.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Material Handling:<\/strong> Used in automated guided vehicles (AGVs) and warehouse robotics.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence all are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Significance:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-124\">\n<li><strong>High energy density: <\/strong>More energy stored per unit weight, essential for EV range.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fast charging capability: <\/strong>Supports rapid charging of EVs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Long cycle life: <\/strong>Can undergo multiple charge\u2013discharge cycles without significant degradation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety and stability: <\/strong>Advanced chemistries reduce risks of overheating or fire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#8abfec\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Battery storage <br>2. Biomass generators <br>3. Fuel cells <br>4. Rooftop solar photovoltaic units <br><br><strong>How many of the above are considered \u201cDistributed Energy Resources\u201d?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Only one <br>(b) Only two <br>(c) Only three<br><strong>(d) All four<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0026fe\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/whats-ailing-indias-battery-scheme-for-evs-explained\/article70575253.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/whats-ailing-indias-battery-scheme-for-evs-explained\/article70575253.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. Consider the following pairs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>S.No<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Waste-to-Energy technologies<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>1<\/strong><\/td><td>Incineration<\/td><td>Direct combustion of municipal solid waste in the presence of oxygen to generate steam<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>2<\/strong><\/td><td>Gasification<\/td><td>Partial oxidation of waste in the presence of a controlled amount of oxygen to produce synthetic gas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>3<\/strong><\/td><td>Pyrolysis<\/td><td>Thermal degradation of waste in the absence of oxygen to produce liquid fuel<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>4<\/strong><\/td><td>Anaerobic digestion<\/td><td>Biodegradation of organic waste by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen producing biogas<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Only three\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) All the four<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) All the four<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>What is waste-to-energy?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-136\">\n<li>Waste-to-Energy (WtE) technology refers to a set of processes that convert waste materials into usable energy such as electricity, heat, or fuels instead of simply dumping them in landfills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The aim is to recover energy from waste while reducing the amount of waste that ends up polluting the environment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>WtE technologies involve several methods to convert waste into energy:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-138\">\n<li><strong>Incineration:<\/strong> Direct combustion of municipal solid waste (MSW) and\/or refuse-derived fuel <strong>between 750 and 1100\u00baC in the presence of oxygen<\/strong> that produces steam for electricity and\/or heat generation in a boiler or steam turbine. It can generate heat or electricity, or combined heat and power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gasification:<\/strong> <strong>Partial oxidation of waste<\/strong> (e.g. wood waste, agricultural residues, sewage sludge, and plastic waste) <strong>between 800 and 1200\u00baC in the presence of a controlled amount of oxygen that produces synthetic gas <\/strong>for further combustion or conversion to chemical feedstock.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pyrolysis:<\/strong> Thermal degradation of waste (e.g. wood waste, agricultural residues, sewage sludge, and plastic waste) <strong>between 300 and 1300\u00baC in the absence of oxygen<\/strong> that produces liquid fuel for further combustion or conversion to chemical feedstock.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Anaerobic digestion:<\/strong> Biodegradation of (readily degradable) <strong>organic wastes in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic microorganisms.<\/strong> Waste input can be separated into organic fraction of MSW, food waste, animal\/human excreta, or liquids and sludges. The digestion<strong> produces biogas and digestate.<\/strong> Biogas can be used as fuel for power generator. Digestate can be composted for use as a soil conditioner or dewatered and used as a low calorific value refuse-derived fuel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence all are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits &amp; Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-141\">\n<li><strong>Waste Reduction: <\/strong>Significantly decreases landfill volume.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Energy Recovery: <\/strong>Generates electricity, heat, or vehicle fuel (BioCNG).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Resource Recovery:<\/strong> Produces fertilizers (from anaerobic digestion) and chemicals (from pyrolysis).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reduces Fossil Fuels: <\/strong>Displaces traditional energy sources, lowering greenhouse gas emissions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#acead1\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2019)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. In the context of which one of the following are the terms \u2018pyrolysis and plasma gasification\u2019 mentioned?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Extraction of rare earth elements <br>(b) Natural gas extraction technologies <br>(c) Hydrogen fuel-based automobiles <br><strong>(d) Waste-to-energy technologies<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0400ff\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/what-is-waste-to-energy-technology\/article70577241.ece#:~:text=A%3A%20Waste%2Dto%2Denergy,a%20turbine%20to%20generate%20power\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/what-is-waste-to-energy-technology\/article70577241.ece#:~:text=A%3A%20Waste%2Dto%2Denergy,a%20turbine%20to%20generate%20power<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1500fe\"><a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/technology\/waste-to-energy-technologies\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/unfccc.int\/technology\/waste-to-energy-technologies<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-144 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. Consider the following statements about Guru Ravidas:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\">I. His teachings emphasize that sincere devotion and inner purity matter more than ritual observances or birth identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-146 wp-block-paragraph\">II. He envisioned an ideal society free from sorrow, caste, poverty and hierarchy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-148 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I only\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) II only\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and II\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither I nor II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) Both 1 and II&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>The President of India Smt Droupadi Murmu greets fellow-citizens on the eve of birth anniversary of Guru Ravidas Ji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Guru Ravidas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-156\">\n<li>Ravidas (also spelled Raidas or Guru Ravidas) was an Indian mystic <strong>poet-saint of the Bhakti movement<\/strong> during roughly the 15th\u201316th century CE.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He is widely revered across northern and central India, especially in regions such as Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh for his devotional poetry and teachings on equality, social justice, and devotion to a formless divine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was born in Varanasi (Banaras) in present-day Uttar Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ravidas belonged to a leather-working community and faced social discrimination under the caste system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Guru Nanak, the founder of Sikhism, is traditionally regarded as a contemporary of Ravidas<\/strong>, and their teachings share deep resonances on equality and devotion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Ravidassia tradition<\/strong> eventually developed into a distinct religious community that venerates Ravidas as its spiritual guide and continues to follow his teachings.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His <strong>birth anniversary, Guru Ravidas Jayanti<\/strong>, is celebrated widely across India with devotional singing, processions, and reflections on his message of dignity and human unity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Teachings:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-158\">\n<li><strong>God is for all: <\/strong>He emphasized that the divine is accessible to every person, regardless of caste or social status.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Critique of social inequality: <\/strong>Ravidas openly challenged caste-based discrimination and promoted dignity and self-respect for marginalized communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Begampura Vision: <\/strong>He envisioned an ideal society (Begampura) free from sorrow, caste, poverty, and hierarchy, a symbolic metaphor for equality and social justice rooted in his poems. <strong>Hence statement II is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bhakti over ritual:<\/strong> He taught that sincere devotion and inner purity matter more than ritual observances or birth identity. <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\" style=\"background-color:#b9edea\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy:\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br>I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East.\u00a0 <br>II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women.\u00a0\u00a0 <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br>(a) I only\u00a0\u00a0 <br>(b) II only\u00a0\u00a0<br><strong>(c) Both 1 and II\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0 <br>(d) Neither I nor II<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#3300ff\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221247&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2221247&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. Who among the following rulers in ancient India had assumed the titles \u2018Mattavilasa&#8217;, Vichitrachitta&#8217; and &#8216;Gunabhara?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Mahendravarman I\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Simhavishnu\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Narasimhavarman I\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Simhavarman<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Mahendravarman I&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-167\">\n<li><strong>Mahendravarman I (c. 600\u2013630 CE)<\/strong> \u2013 Pallava ruler of Kanchipuram.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Known for being a poet, playwright, and patron of arts.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Titles h<\/strong>e assumed: <strong>\u2018Mattavilasa\u2019 (the madly playful), \u2018Vichitrachitta\u2019 (curious-minded), \u2018Gunabhara\u2019 (possessor of virtues)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Famous<\/strong> for his Sanskrit plays and early rock-cut temples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Simhavishnu<\/strong> \u2013 Predecessor of Mahendravarman I, known mainly for military expansion, not literary pursuits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Narasimhavarman I (c. 630\u2013668 CE)<\/strong> \u2013 Famous for <strong>defeating the Pallava\u2019s rival, the Chalukyas<\/strong>, and building monuments like Mahabalipuram; literary titles not emphasized like Mahendravarman I.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Simhavarman<\/strong> \u2013 Ancient Pallava ruler, not known for these titles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the following are the objectives of the PM-SETU scheme? 1. To improve the quality of training delivery [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,71,11,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-good-morning-test","category-prelims","category-prelims-current-affairs-gmt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2862","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2862"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2862\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2863,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2862\/revisions\/2863"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2862"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2862"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2862"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}