{"id":2318,"date":"2025-09-09T05:31:08","date_gmt":"2025-09-09T05:31:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2318"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:53:51","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:53:51","slug":"daily-current-affairs-08-09-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-08-09-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs \u2013 08-09-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Consider the following statements with respect to the Blood Moon:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It occurs during a total solar eclipse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It is caused by the refraction of sunlight through Earth&#8217;s atmosphere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Blood moons are visible only from the polar regions of the earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Total lunar eclipse enthrals skywatchers; clouds play spoilsport<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Blood Moon:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-14\">\n<li>A Blood Moon refers to the reddish appearance of the Moon during a <strong>total lunar eclipse. Hence statement 1 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is not an astronomical term, but a popular term used to describe the color change observed during the eclipse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>During a total lunar eclipse, the <strong>Earth comes between the Sun and the Moon.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Earth\u2019s atmosphere <strong>scatters shorter wavelengths (blue)<\/strong> of sunlight and<strong> bends red\/orange wavelengths<\/strong> toward the Moon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This <strong>refracted <\/strong>reddish light illuminates the Moon, giving it a copper or blood-red hue. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Scientific Explanation<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-16\">\n<li>Based on Rayleigh scattering (same phenomenon responsible for red sunsets).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The degree of redness depends on:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Atmospheric dust<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Pollution<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Volcanic ash<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Cloud cover on Earth<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Visibility<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-23\">\n<li>Blood moons are <strong>visible from anywhere on Earth<\/strong> where the eclipse is occurring during local nighttime. <strong>Hence statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Typically occurs once<strong> every 2.5 years<\/strong> on average.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. On June 21 every year, which of the following latitude(s) experience(s) a sunlight of more than 12 hours?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Equator<br>2. Tropic of Cancer<br>3. Tropic of Capricorn<br>4. Arctic Circle <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below :<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 only <br>(c) 3 and 4 <br><strong>(d) 2 and 4<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/lunar-eclipse-2025-india-to-witness-blood-moon-today-know-time-precautions-and-other-details\/article70022035.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/lunar-eclipse-2025-india-to-witness-blood-moon-today-know-time-precautions-and-other-details\/article70022035.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Consider the following statements with respect to the Ganga Waters Agreement of 1996:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It was signed between India and Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It is a 30-year treaty valid from 1996 to 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\">3. It governs the sharing of Ganga River water at Farakka and Teesta including monsoon season flows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How many of the above statements are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) All three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) None<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Only two<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>India and Bangladesh to hold talks on water sharing<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Ganga Waters Agreement 1996:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-38\">\n<li>The <strong>Ganga Waters Agreement<\/strong> was signed between <strong>India and Bangladesh<\/strong> on <strong>12th December 1996<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The agreement was signed by <strong>Prime Minister H.D. Deve Gowda<\/strong> (India) and <strong>Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina<\/strong> (Bangladesh).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a <strong>30-year treaty<\/strong> (valid from <strong>1996 to 2026<\/strong>) that governs the <strong>sharing of Ganga River water at Farakka<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The treaty aims to ensure the <strong>fair and equitable distribution of Ganga waters<\/strong>, especially during the <strong>lean season<\/strong> (January 1 to May 31).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The treaty was signed in response to Bangladesh\u2019s concern over <strong>reduced water flow in the Padma River<\/strong>, particularly during dry months.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Farakka Barrage<\/strong>, constructed by India in <strong>West Bengal<\/strong>, plays a central role in diverting water from the Ganga to the <strong>Hooghly River<\/strong> to keep the Kolkata port navigable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under the agreement, if water flow at Farakka falls below <strong>70,000 cusecs<\/strong>, then <strong>India and Bangladesh share the available water equally<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\">A <strong>Joint Committee<\/strong> comprising representatives from both countries was established to monitor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Water flow at Farakka<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Compliance with the treaty<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Data exchange and reporting<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-43\">\n<li>The treaty includes a <strong>fixed schedule of water allocation<\/strong> depending on the flow levels at Farakka during the lean period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The agreement has played a crucial role in <strong>strengthening India\u2013Bangladesh relations<\/strong> and is considered a model for <strong>bilateral river water sharing<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The treaty does <strong>not cover monsoon season flows<\/strong> or other rivers like the <strong>Teesta<\/strong>, which remains a <strong>separate unresolved issue<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The treaty is due for <strong>review or renewal in 2026<\/strong>, and discussions are ongoing regarding future terms in light of <strong>climate change and water scarcity<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/amidst-tensions-india-bangladesh-joint-river-commission-to-meet-on-september-9\/article70022702.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/amidst-tensions-india-bangladesh-joint-river-commission-to-meet-on-september-9\/article70022702.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Sifung, Aronai, Khardwi and Jou Gishi, seen in the news are GI tagged items from<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) The Bodoland Territorial Region<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Meghalaya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) The Union Territory of Ladakh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Manipur<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) The Bodoland Territorial Region<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>The registration of 21 items so far has enthused 26 communities of the Bodoland Territorial Region to have their cultural artefacts GI-tagged<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Bodoland Territorial Region:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-54\">\n<li>The Bodoland Territorial Region (BTR) is an <strong>autonomous division in Assam<\/strong>, India, in Northeast India.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is made up of <strong>five districts on the north bank of the Brahmaputra River<\/strong> below the foothills of Bhutan and Arunachal Pradesh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is administered by an elected body known as the Bodoland Territorial Council which came into existence under the terms of a peace agreement signed in February 2003 and its autonomy was further extended by an agreement signed in January 2020.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The region covers an area of over nine thousand square kilometres and is predominantly inhabited by the Bodo people and other tribal communities of Assam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>GI Tagged Products from the Bodoland Territorial Region:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Traditional Attire &amp; Textiles<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Bodo Dokhona: The traditional one\u2011piece garment for Bodo women, wrapped around the body in a graceful style. GI\u2011tagged in 2024<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Bodo Eri Silk: Handwoven silk made from Eri silkworms (Samia Cynthia Ricini), native to the region, valued for its softness and heritage weaving practices<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Bodo Jwmgra: Also known as Fashra or Pali, this is a long scarf worn by Bodo women alongside the Dokhona<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Bodo Gamsa: Traditional wear for Bodo men, tied around the waist and extending from waist to knee<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Aronai: A handwoven textile symbolizing Bodo identity and pride.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Agricultural Products<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Bodo Keradapini: A small, nearly stemless leafy vegetable endemic to the region<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Bodo Khardwi: A traditional alkaline liquid derived from bamboo, banana stems, or dried plant ashes, used in local cuisine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Bodo Gongar Dunjia (also referred to as Gongar Dundia): A rare and regionally significant medicinal plant, valued in traditional herbal systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Musical Instruments<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Kham: A traditional percussion instrument intrinsic to Bodo cultural performances<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Serja (Serza): A bowed string instrument used in Bodo folk music<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Sifung (Siphung): A traditional bamboo flute with distinctive folk melodies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Thorkha: A lesser-known traditional instrument, also GI\u2011tagged<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Gongona: Another traditional musical instrument used in cultural ceremonies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\">6. Jotha: A traditional wind instrument used by Bodo musicians<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Culinary Specialties<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Bodo Napham: A cherished fermented fish delicacy, prepared anaerobically in airtight containers over 2\u20133 months. A preservation method adapted to the region\u2019s heavy rainfall and periodic fish scarcity<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Bodo Ondla (Onla): A savory curry made from rice powder seasoned with garlic, ginger, salt, and alkali<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Bodo Gwkha\u2011Gwkhwi (Bodo Gwkha, also Gwka\u2011Gwkhi): A festive dish with more than a hundred mixed vegetables, traditionally prepared during the Bwisagu (spring) festival<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Bodo Narzi: A semi\u2011fermented jute\u2011leaf dish\u2014a rich source of omega\u20113s, vitamins, calcium, and minerals\u2014reflecting local nutritional wisdom<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Traditional Beverages<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Bodo Jou Gwran: A strong rice beer with an alcohol content of approximately 16.11%, the highest among Bodo rice beers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-80 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Maibra Jou Bidwi (Maibra Jwu\/Zwu Bidwi): A revered ferment made from half\u2011cooked rice with minimal water and amao (natural yeast); commonly served as a welcome drink<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Bodo Jou Gishi: A traditional and historically significant rice\u2011based fermented alcoholic beverage, considered medicinal and culturally sacred<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2015)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which of the following has\/have been accorded \u2018Geographical Indication\u2019 status?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Banaras Brocades and Sarees<br>2. Rajasthani Daal-Bati-Churma<br>3. Tirupathi Laddu <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 only <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br><strong>(c) 1 and 3 only<\/strong> <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/assam\/buzz-around-gi-tagging-in-assams-poll-bound-bodoland\/article70019197.ece#:~:text=A%20few%20months%20ago%2C%20the,Kacharis%2C%20Hiras%2C%20and%20Patnis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/assam\/buzz-around-gi-tagging-in-assams-poll-bound-bodoland\/article70019197.ece#:~:text=A%20few%20months%20ago%2C%20the,Kacharis%2C%20Hiras%2C%20and%20Patnis<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Consider the following statements :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement-I: <\/strong>Tamil Nadu has India\u2019s first port-based Green Hydrogen project<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement-II:<\/strong> The facility uses electricity from both renewable and non-renewable sources to power an electrolyzer, which splits water (H\u2082O) into hydrogen (H\u2082) and oxygen (O\u2082).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Shri Sarbananda Sonowal Unveils Green Hydrogen Pilot Project at VOC Port in Tamil Nadu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>India\u2019s First Port-Based Green Hydrogen Pilot Project:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-96\">\n<li>India\u2019s First Port-Based Green Hydrogen Pilot Project was inaugurated at <strong>V.O. Chidambaranar (VOC) Port, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu.<\/strong> <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It became the first port in India to produce green hydrogen \u2192 a milestone in India\u2019s clean energy and green shipping transition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was launched on the 154th birth anniversary of V.O. Chidambaranar, linking Swadeshi shipping legacy with modern green transition.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Project Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-98\">\n<li><strong>Green Hydrogen Pilot Facility:<\/strong> Powering streetlights and EV charging station in the port colony.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Green Methanol Bunkering &amp; Refuelling Facility: <\/strong>Aligned with proposed Coastal Green Shipping Corridor (Kandla\u2013Tuticorin). Positions VOC Port as a green bunkering hub in South India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strategic Importance:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-100\">\n<li>Boosts India\u2019s National Green Hydrogen Mission (2023).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supports IMO 2050 decarbonisation goals in shipping.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Strengthens Tamil Nadu\u2019s role as a renewable and maritime hub.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fits into Sagarmala Programme \u2192 98 projects in Tamil Nadu worth \u20b993,715 crore (50 completed).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By 2030 \u2192 India among Top 10 shipbuilding nations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By 2047 \u2192 Among Top 5 shipbuilding nations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How Green Hydrogen is Produced:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-102\">\n<li><strong>Renewable Energy Power: <\/strong>The process begins with <strong>renewable energy sources<\/strong> like solar or wind power.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electrolysis: <\/strong>This electricity powers an electrolyzer, which uses electrolysis to split water (H\u2082O) into hydrogen (H\u2082) and oxygen (O\u2082). <strong>Hence statement II is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Clean Output: <\/strong>The resulting hydrogen is &#8220;green&#8221; because its production process does not release greenhouse gases, making it a sustainable fuel source.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"601\" height=\"373\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-3.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2319\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-3.jpg 601w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-3-300x186.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sectors Benefiting from Green Hydrogen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-104\">\n<li><strong>Fertilizer Industry: <\/strong>Green hydrogen can replace fossil fuels in fertilizer manufacturing, a significant step toward sustainable agriculture.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Oil Refineries and Steel Production:<\/strong> It offers a viable path to decarbonize processes in these essential industries.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Long-Haul Transportation:<\/strong> Green hydrogen can serve as a clean fuel for long-distance transport, an area where decarbonization is particularly challenging.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2022)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Gujarat has the largest solar park in India. <br>2. Kerala has a fully solar powered International Airport. <br>3. Goa has the largest floating solar photovoltaic project in India. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1 and 2 <br><strong>(b) 2 only<\/strong> <br>(c) 1 and 3 <br>(d) 3 only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2164314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2164314<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Which of the following countries border the Baltic Sea?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Belarus<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Finland<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Estonia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Ukraine<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2, 3 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-116 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>\u2018Sharp rise in GPS jamming in aviation over Baltic Sea\u2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Baltic Sea:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-120\">\n<li>The <strong>Baltic Sea is a brackish inland sea<\/strong> located in <strong>Northern Europe<\/strong>, connected to the <strong>North Sea via the Danish Straits<\/strong> (Kattegat and Skagerrak).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is <strong>bordered by nine countries<\/strong>: <strong>Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden<\/strong>. <strong>Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>salinity of the Baltic Sea is low<\/strong> due to the inflow of large rivers and limited exchange with saltwater from the North Sea.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major rivers flowing into the Baltic Sea include the <strong>Neva, Vistula, Daugava, and Oder<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>deepest point<\/strong> of the Baltic Sea is the <strong>Landsort Deep<\/strong>, which is around <strong>459 meters<\/strong> deep.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Kaliningrad region of Russia<\/strong>, located between Poland and Lithuania, is a <strong>strategic exclave<\/strong> on the Baltic coast.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Baltic Sea is of high military and strategic importance<\/strong>, especially in the context of <strong>NATO\u2013Russia tensions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The region hosts the <strong>Nord Stream 1 and 2 pipelines<\/strong>, which supply natural gas from <strong>Russia to Germany<\/strong> via the seabed.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Baltic Sea is <strong>one of the most polluted seas<\/strong> in the world due to <strong>eutrophication, overfishing<\/strong>, and <strong>marine traffic<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>GPS jamming and spoofing incidents<\/strong> affecting aviation and maritime navigation have increased significantly in the <strong>Baltic Sea region<\/strong> since <strong>2023<\/strong>, with <strong>Russia suspected<\/strong> of being behind the interference.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In response to rising threats, <strong>Sweden and Finland<\/strong> formally joined <strong>NATO<\/strong>, increasing Western presence in the Baltic region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Major ports along the Baltic Sea include <strong>Gda\u0144sk (Poland), St. Petersburg (Russia), Riga (Latvia), and Helsinki (Finland)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>Baltic Sea is semi-enclosed<\/strong>, making it vulnerable to <strong>environmental degradation<\/strong> due to slow water exchange with the Atlantic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The HELCOM (Helsinki Commission)<\/strong> is an intergovernmental body working to protect the marine environment of the Baltic Sea.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"602\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2320\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2017)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Mediterranean Sea is a border of which of the following countries?<\/strong> <br><br>1. Jordan<br>2. Iraq<br>3. Lebanon<br>4. Syria <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1, 2 and 3 only <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br><strong>(c) 3 and 4 only<\/strong> <br>(d) 1, 3 and 4 only<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/146805\/OPS\/G4UEQS75H.1+GFCERS7ME.1.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_international\/issues\/146805\/OPS\/G4UEQS75H.1+GFCERS7ME.1.html<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\">1. India is the world\u2019s largest producer, consumer, and importer of pulses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan are the top pulse growing states in India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Nearly 80% of pulse production in India occurs through irrigated cultivation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>NITI Aayog recommends multiple strategies to enhance pulses production<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Current Status and Achievements of Pulse Production In India:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-135\">\n<li>India is the world\u2019s largest producer, consumer, and importer of pulses. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dependence on rain-fed areas: ~80% of pulse production. <strong>Hence statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Supports over 5 crore farmers and families.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2015\u201316: Production at 16.35 million tonnes (MT); imports at 6 MT.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>2022\u201323: Production rose to 26.06 MT (59.4% increase).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Productivity increased by 38%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Import dependence fell from 29% to 10.4%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>India grows 12 pulse crops across Kharif, Rabi, and Summer seasons.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Top 3 States: Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan \u2013 55% of output. <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Together, 10 states contribute over 91% of total pulse production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Focus of the Report:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-137\">\n<li>Strengthening nutritional security and self-sufficiency (Atmanirbharta) in pulses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advocates State-specific and district-specific agricultural strategies.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recognizes pulses as critical for:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Food security<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Nutritional well-being<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-141 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Sustainable agriculture<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Environmental benefits<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Major Recommendations of NITI Aayog:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-144\">\n<li>Area retention and diversification: Promote crop-wise clustering for efficiency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tailored technologies: Use customised tools and methods suited to agro-ecological zones.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Seed support: Focus on high-quality seed distribution and treatment kits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cluster-based hubs: Promote \u201cOne Block\u2013One Seed Village\u201d initiative backed by Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Government Initiatives:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-146\">\n<li><strong>Mission for Atmanirbharta in Pulses (2025):<\/strong> 6-year mission focusing on Arhar, Urad, and Masoor. Improve seed quality, yields, and reduce import dependency.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>National Food Security Mission (NFSM) \u2013 Pulses:<\/strong> Promotes area expansion and productivity. Provides seeds, technology kits, and support to farmers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Price Support Scheme (PSS):<\/strong> Ensures Minimum Support Price (MSP) procurement for pulses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>One Block\u2013One Seed Village (2025 NITI Aayog recommendation):<\/strong> Cluster approach to boost seed replacement and varietal adoption.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2020)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. With reference to pulse production in India, consider the following statements:<\/strong> <br>1. Black gram can be cultivated as both kharif and rabi crop.<br>2. Green-gram alone accounts for nearly half of pulse production.<br>3. In the last three decades, while the production of kharif pulses has increased, the production of rabi pulses has decreased. <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) 1 only<\/strong> <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br>(c) 2 only <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/niti-aayog-recommends-multiple-strategies-to-enhance-pulses-production\/article70013235.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/niti-aayog-recommends-multiple-strategies-to-enhance-pulses-production\/article70013235.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-148 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. The Strait of Malacca connects which of the following?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-149 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-150 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) South China Sea and Andaman Sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-151 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-152 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) East China Sea and Philippine Sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-153 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) South China Sea and Andaman Sea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-154 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-155 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Singapore backs India on patrolling Malacca Straits<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-156 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strait of Malacca:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-157\">\n<li>The <strong>Strait of Malacca<\/strong> is a narrow waterway between the <strong>Malay Peninsula (Malaysia)<\/strong> and the <strong>island of Sumatra (Indonesia)<\/strong>.<br>It connects the <strong>Indian Ocean (via the Andaman Sea)<\/strong> with the <strong>Pacific Ocean (via the South China Sea)<\/strong>. <strong>Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is approximately <strong>890 km long<\/strong> and <strong>25\u2013150 km wide<\/strong>, with the narrowest point being <strong>2.8 km<\/strong> near Singapore (Phillip Channel).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The strait is a <strong>major maritime chokepoint<\/strong>, with over <strong>80,000 ships<\/strong> passing through annually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It handles about <strong>40% of global seaborne trade<\/strong>, making it one of the <strong>busiest and most important shipping lanes in the world<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is especially critical for <strong>China, Japan, and South Korea<\/strong>, which depend heavily on oil imports passing through this route.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Countries bordering the strait: <strong>India (via Andaman &amp; Nicobar monitoring), Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore<\/strong> (close to southern end).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The strait is <strong>vulnerable to piracy<\/strong>, shipping congestion, and maritime accidents due to its narrowness and heavy traffic.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is strategically important for <strong>India\u2019s maritime security<\/strong> \u2014 the Indian Navy monitors traffic from the <strong>Andaman &amp; Nicobar Islands<\/strong>, especially <strong>Indira Point<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>China&#8217;s &#8220;Malacca Dilemma&#8221;<\/strong> refers to its strategic vulnerability due to heavy reliance on this single maritime route.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>India\u2019s SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region)<\/strong> policy and <strong>QUAD naval cooperation<\/strong> enhance security in this region.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the event of a blockade, ships would have to reroute via <strong>Sunda or Lombok Strait<\/strong>, increasing costs and time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-158 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Strait of Malacca \u2013 Map:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-159 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>West<\/strong>: Andaman Sea \u2192 Indian Ocean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-160 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>East<\/strong>: South China Sea \u2192 Pacific Ocean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-161 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>North<\/strong>: Peninsular Malaysia<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-162 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>South<\/strong>: Sumatra (Indonesia)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-163 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>South-East end:<\/strong> Singapore<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"602\" height=\"416\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2321\" style=\"width:840px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-4.jpg 602w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/image-4-300x207.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2022)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Turkey is located between<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Black Sea and Caspian Sea <br><strong>(b) Black Sea and Mediterranean Sea<\/strong> <br>(c) Gulf of Suez and Mediterranean Sea <br>(d) Gulf of Aqaba and Dead Sea<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-164 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-singapore-relations-go-far-beyond-diplomacy-pm-modi\/article70011429.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-singapore-relations-go-far-beyond-diplomacy-pm-modi\/article70011429.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-165 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. Consider the following statements about Savitribai Phule:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-166 wp-block-paragraph\">I. She\u2019s acclaimed as the first female teacher of modern India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-167 wp-block-paragraph\">II. Savitribai founded the Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha in 1863 and also co-founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-168 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-169 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) I only&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-170 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) II only&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-171 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and II&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-172 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither I nor II<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-173 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) Both 1 and II&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-174 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-175 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>PM shares an article on the remarkable contributions of Savitribai Phule<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-176 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Savitribai Phule:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-177\">\n<li>Savitribai Phule (3 January 1831 \u2013 10 March 1897) emerged as a trailblazing educator, social reformer, and poet in 19th-century Maharashtra.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>She\u2019s acclaimed as the<strong> first female teacher of modern India<\/strong> and a forerunner of the feminist movement in the country. <strong>Hence statement I is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Born in Naigaon village, Satara District, Maharashtra, she came from the Mali community and was married to Jyotirao Phule at a young age.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jyotirao Phule taught Savitribai to read and write. She received formal teacher training at institutions in Ahmednagar and Poona (Pune), becoming a qualified educator around 1847.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 1848, Savitribai and her husband founded the <strong>first indigenous school for girls<\/strong> in Bhide Wada, Pune.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Together, they expanded their efforts, running up to 18 schools for girls from marginalized castes by 1851, supported with stipends to reduce dropout rates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Savitribai founded the <strong>Balhatya Pratibandhak Griha in 1863<\/strong> to shelter widows, child brides, and destitute women, and she championed widow remarriage, inter-caste unions, and fought against child marriage, female infanticide, and sati.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Alongside Jyotirao, she <strong>co-founded the Satyashodhak Samaj<\/strong> (Truth-seekers&#8217; Society) in 1873. She led its women&#8217;s wing in promoting equality for women, peasants, and Dalits. <strong>Hence statement II is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Her education initiatives encountered strong societal resistance, including verbal abuse and threats from orthodox sections of society. Even her father-in-law expelled the couple from their home.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Savitribai\u2019s legacy resonates today as a beacon for women\u2019s empowerment, gender equality, and social justice. Her pioneering work continues to inspire modern reforms and feminist discourse.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The prestigious Savitribai Phule Pune University (formerly the University of Pune) was renamed in her honor in 2014.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A 2025 biographical film titled &#8220;Phule&#8221;, directed by Anant Mahadevan, portrays the lives and reform efforts of Jyotirao and Savitribai.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2025)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements about Raja Ram Mohan Roy: <\/strong>\u00a0 <br><br>I. He possessed great love and respect for the traditional philosophical systems of the East.\u00a0 <br>II. He desired his countrymen to accept the rational and scientific approach and the principle of human dignity and social equality of all men and women.\u00a0\u00a0 <br><br><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br>(a) I only\u00a0\u00a0<br>(b) II only\u00a0\u00a0 <br><strong>(c) Both 1 and II\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> <br>(d) Neither I nor II<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-178 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2164214\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2164214<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-179 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. Which of the following are the core objectives of the Self-Respect Movement?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-180 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Promotion of atheism<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-181 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Campaign against Brahminical dominance<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-182 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Advocacy of Sanskritization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-183 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Support for women\u2019s rights<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-184 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-185 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-186 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-187 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-188 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-189 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 4 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-190 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-191 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Looking back at 100 years of the Self-Respect Movement in Tamil Nadu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-192 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Self-Respect Movement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-193 wp-block-paragraph\">The Self-Respect Movement was a powerful social reform movement launched in 1925 in Tamil Nadu (then Madras Presidency), India, by Periyar E.V. Ramasamy. It played a pivotal role in challenging caste hierarchy, patriarchy, and the dominance of Brahmins in South Indian society.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-194 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Core Objectives of the Self-Respect Movement<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-195\">\n<li>Eradication of <strong>caste-based discrimination<\/strong>, particularly against non-Brahmins and Dalits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promotion of <strong>rationalism<\/strong>, <strong>atheism<\/strong>, and <strong>self-respect <\/strong>among oppressed communities.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Abolition of the concept of hereditary priesthood<\/strong>, and religious rituals that reinforced caste.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Advocacy for<strong> women&#8217;s rights<\/strong>, including widow remarriage, right to education, and property rights.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opposition to <strong>child marriage, dowry, and superstitions<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Promotion of Dravidian identity and anti-North Indian domination (especially anti-Hindi stance). <strong>Hence statements 1, 2 and 4 only are correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-196 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Impact and Legacy<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-197\">\n<li><strong>Foundation for the Dravidian Movement:<\/strong> The Self-Respect Movement laid the ideological groundwork for political parties like Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and AIADMK.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cultural revolution:<\/strong> Encouraged people to drop caste names, challenge Brahminical rituals, and organize self-respect marriages (without priests or religious rites).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Legal changes:<\/strong> Influenced Tamil Nadu&#8217;s progressive laws on marriage, property rights, and reservation policies.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Continued relevance:<\/strong> Its legacy continues in Tamil Nadu&#8217;s politics, social structure, and cultural identity.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2025)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Who among the following was the founder of the &#8216;Self-Respect Movement&#8217;?<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) Periyar E. V. Ramaswamy Naicker\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong> <br>(b) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar\u00a0\u00a0 <br>(c) Bhaskarrao Jadhav\u00a0\u00a0 <br>(d) Dinkarrao Javalkar<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-198 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/tamil-nadu\/a-100-years-of-the-self-respect-movement-in-tamil-nadu\/article70006894.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/tamil-nadu\/a-100-years-of-the-self-respect-movement-in-tamil-nadu\/article70006894.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-199 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. Two important rivers- one with its sources in Jharkhand (and Know by a different name in Odisha), and another, with its source in Odisha- merge at a place only a short distance from the coast of Bay of Bengal before flowing into the sea. This is an important site of wildlife and biodiversity and a protected area. Which one of the following could be this?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-200 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Bhitarkanika<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-201 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Chandipur-on-sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-202 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Gopalpur-on-sea<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-203 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Simlipal<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-204 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Bhitarkanika<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-205 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>EXPLANATION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-206 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Two rivers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-207 wp-block-paragraph\">1. One originates in <strong>Jharkhand<\/strong> and is known by a <strong>different name in Odisha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-208 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The other originates in <strong>Odisha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-209 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Both rivers <strong>merge near the Bay of Bengal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-210 wp-block-paragraph\">4. The merging point is an <strong>important biodiversity site and protected area<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-211 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Rivers:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-212 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Brahmani River<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-213 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Originates in <strong>Jharkhand<\/strong> (as <strong>South Koel River<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-214 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Flows into Odisha, where it is known as <strong>Brahmani<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-215 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Baitarani River<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-216 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Originates in the <strong>Keonjhar district of Odisha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-217 wp-block-paragraph\">2. These <strong>two rivers merge near Dhamra<\/strong>, close to the <strong>Bay of Bengal<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-218 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bhitarkanika Wildlife Sanctuary:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-219 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Located in <strong>Kendrapara district, Odisha<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-220 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It lies in the <strong>delta region of Brahmani and Baitarani rivers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-221 wp-block-paragraph\">It is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-222 wp-block-paragraph\">1. A <strong>Ramsar wetland site<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-223 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Famous for <strong>mangrove forests<\/strong>, <strong>saltwater crocodiles<\/strong>, <strong>olive ridley turtles<\/strong>, and <strong>rich biodiversity<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-224 wp-block-paragraph\">3. 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