{"id":1895,"date":"2024-12-04T11:25:30","date_gmt":"2024-12-04T11:25:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=1895"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:00:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:00:59","slug":"gs-iii-disaster-management","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/gs-iii-disaster-management\/","title":{"rendered":"GS III- Disaster Management"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

2.Discuss how the inefficiency in crowd management causes disasters. Suggest measures for effective crowd management.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Redently, a stampede at a football match dedicated to Guinea\u2019s junta chief killed at least 56 people because of the stampede.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Factors that may prompt crowd disasters are as follows<\/strong>
\u25cfStructural:<\/strong> Disaster caused by collapse of structures. Example, Morbi Bridge Collapsed across Machchhu River in Gujarat.
\u25cfFire\/Electricity: <\/strong>Fire in the habitation or a shop, non-availability of fire extinguisher, short circuit from electrical generator, etc. Example, the Uphaar Cinema Fire in 1997 that happened due to fire code violations.
\u25cfAdministrative or Managerial Measures:<\/strong> Underestimation of audience\/staffing\/services, closed\/locked exit, sudden opening of entry door, etc.
\u25cfCrowd Behaviour: <\/strong>Mad rush to exit\/parking space, last minute change in platform for train arrival\/departure, etc. Example, stampede at the Maha Kumbh Mela in 1954.
\u25cfSecurity:<\/strong> Security agency firing\/teargas\/using force leading to panic, weapon brandished in the crowd, Ineptitude of the police in effectively enforcing prohibitory orders, etc.
Example Seoul crowd tragedy (2022) happened primarily due to lack of safety precautions and other police errors.
\u25cfLack of coordination among stakeholders:<\/strong> Such as lack of understanding of the range of duties entrusted, communication delays, coordination gap between agencies, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crowd Management<\/strong>
Risk management planning<\/strong>
The first aim of any Crowd Management process is to prevent a serious situation from developing.
Fruin, a renowned theorist in crowd behaviour, suggested FIST model to better understand the crowd behaviour and the causes of Stampede. FIST refers to
\u25cfF: Crowd Force
\u25cfI: Information upon which the crowd acts;
\u25cfS: Physical Space involved, both in terms of individual density and larger scale architectural features;
\u25cfT: Time the duration of the incident.
This model is useful for venue operators and event organisers when developing proactive strategies to address the four elements of the model during event risk management planning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Governance:<\/strong> As crowd disasters are local events, its management is primarily the responsibility of the organizers and local\/district administration with support, guidelines from the state and the national authorities.
NIDM\u2019s Crowd Management Strategies and arrangement<\/strong>
\u25cfUnderstanding visitors and stakeholders: Knowing crowd type of (age, gender, region, etc.), Motives of visitors (social, entertainment), arrangement to provide timely information to the media personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Crowd management strategies and arrangement<\/strong>
\u25cfCapacity Planning:
\u25cfInfrastructure: Long term perspective is needed for infrastructure development and will depend on popularity, periodicity of event, weather, terrain, local population etc.
\u25cfStaging Points (queue complex): Plan for physical or virtual locations through which each visitor must pass
\u25cfMultiple routes to facilitate movement of vulnerable groups such as children, women, etc.
\u25cfUnderstanding Crowd Behaviour: Individual behaviour in a crowd is often influenced by behaviour of others. It is therefore essential to identify and separate trouble creating persons at the earliest.
\u25cfResearch has shown that understanding of crowd behaviour has led to a community-based approach to crowd control instead of force based control.
\u25cfCrowd Control: Crowd control enforces or restores order by restricting or limiting group behavior. For this:
\u25cfEnsure high visibility of crowd controlling Staff, involve various stakeholders including organizers\/Temple trusts, Law enforcement agencies, Community stakeholders (NGOs, Business Associations, etc.).
\u25cfRisk Analysis and preparedness: Mock drills of the plan implementation may also lead to identifying the gaps in arrangements and fixing them in advance.
Other measures<\/strong>
\u25cfTimely Information Management and Dissemination among stakeholders
\u25cfSafety and security measures like CCTV monitoring of the entire crowd, special plan for VIPs, ensure fire safety standards, etc.
\u25cfHealth, Hygiene and Medical Services as Immediate medical attention after a fatal incident can save life.
\u25cfUse public transportation as much as possible and minimize the impact of undesired crowd and traffic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/timesofindia.indiatimes.com\/sports\/football\/top-stories\/56-killed-in-stampede-due-to-clashes-at-soccer-match-in-guinea\/articleshow\/115903233.cms<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n