{"id":1872,"date":"2024-11-28T08:16:03","date_gmt":"2024-11-28T08:16:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=1872"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:01:30","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:01:30","slug":"gs-iii-environment-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/gs-iii-environment-2\/","title":{"rendered":"GS III – Environment"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

1.Describe the major outcomes of the 29th session of the Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

COP 29 Outcomes and Analysis<\/strong>
1.New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance<\/strong>
\u25cbDeveloped countries committed to fund $300 billion annually for developing countries by 2035, replacing the previous goal of $100 billion per year.
2.Carbon Markets (Article 6 of the Paris Agreement)<\/strong>
\u25cbCOP 29 operationalized the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism and finalized a framework for country-to-country carbon credit trading.
3.Centralized UN Trading System for Green Credits<\/strong>
\u25cbAgreement to launch a centralized UN trading system for the operationalization of carbon markets, enabling global carbon credit trading.
4.Baku Adaptation Roadmap<\/strong>
\u25cbLaunched to expedite the implementation of National Adaptation Plans (NAPs) in vulnerable countries.
5.Baku Work Plan<\/strong>
\u25cbEmphasizes the strengthened role of Indigenous Peoples and local communities in climate mitigation and adaptation.
6.Extension of Lima Work Programme<\/strong>
\u25cbCOP 29 extended the Lima Work Programme, which promotes gender mainstreaming in climate actions.
7.Enhanced Transparency in Climate Reporting<\/strong>
\u25cbBiennial Transparency Reports (BTRs) under the Enhanced Transparency Framework were submitted by 13 countries, showcasing progress in climate actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

India\u2019s Initiatives at COP 29<\/strong>
1.LeadIT Summit<\/strong>
\u25cbIndia co-hosted the LeadIT Member Meet with Sweden, focusing on the decarbonization of heavy industries.
2.Solar Energy Leadership<\/strong>
\u25cbPromoted global solar adoption through the International Solar Alliance (ISA), targeting a 20-fold increase in solar capacity by 2050.
3.SIDS Adaptation Finance<\/strong>
\u25cbAdvocated for unlocking finance and providing disaster-resilient support to Small Island Developing States (SIDS).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Positive Outcomes of COP 29<\/strong>
1.Tripling Climate Finance for Developing Countries<\/strong>
\u25cbAgreement to increase climate finance from $100 billion to $300 billion annually by 2035.
2.Establishment of Carbon Market Mechanisms<\/strong>
\u25cbFinalized agreements under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, including:
\u25a0Bilateral carbon trading (Article 6.2)
\u25a0Global crediting mechanism (Article 6.4)
3.Focus on National Adaptation Plans (NAPs)<\/strong>
\u25cbA support program was established to implement NAPs, focusing on least developed countries (LDCs).
4.Commitment to Transparent Climate Reporting<\/strong>
\u25cbReinforced the importance of transparent reporting through Biennial Transparency Reports (BTRs).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Shortcomings of COP 29<\/strong>
1.Inadequate Financing<\/strong>
\u25cbThe $300 billion commitment is criticized as insufficient compared to the estimated $1.3 trillion needed annually by developing nations.
2.Over Reliance on Loans<\/strong>
\u25cbHeavy reliance on loans instead of grants could exacerbate the debt burden of developing countries.
3.Failure to Address Fossil Fuel Phase-Out<\/strong>
\u25cbNo progress was made on the fossil fuel phase-out, despite its emphasis at COP 28.
4.Unmet Emission Goals<\/strong>
\u25cbInsufficient pledges to meet the 1.5\u00b0C target, with emissions continuing to rise in 2023.
5.Choice of Host Nation<\/strong>
\u25cbCriticism over Azerbaijan hosting COP 29, given its oil-dependent economy and governance practices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Way Forward<\/strong>
1.Introduction of New Indicators
\u25cbDevelop tangible indicators to measure progress on each global goal established at COP 29.
2.Establishment of Financial Mechanism<\/strong>
\u25cbCreate a mechanism to track developed countries’ contributions to climate finance.
3.Binding Commitments<\/strong>
\u25cbMake renewable energy pledges legally binding on member countries.
4.Climate Justice<\/strong>
\u25cbEnsure adherence to the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibility (CBDR) in future negotiations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Source: <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/epaper.thehindu.com\/ccidist-ws\/th\/th_delhi\/issues\/108918\/OPS\/G7DDKKPGQ.1+GMSDKMPG0.1.html<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n