{"id":1485,"date":"2024-09-09T11:13:11","date_gmt":"2024-09-09T11:13:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=1485"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:09:31","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:09:31","slug":"paper-iii-general-studies-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-34","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/paper-iii-general-studies-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-34\/","title":{"rendered":"PAPER III General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In News: Learning from the success of the Swachh Bharat Mission<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To what extent has India’s sanitation landscape been changed by the Swachh Bharat Mission?\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Swachh Bharat Mission is one of the largest national behavioural change sanitation programs in the world, aimed at eliminating open defecation by providing household toilets across the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Swachh Bharat Mission(SBM) envisages to<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Construct individual, cluster and community toilets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Eliminate or reduce open defecation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Manage solid and liquid wastes through gram panchayats.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Create awareness among communities towards sanitation and cleanliness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Swachh Bharat Mission\u2019s achievements:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n
    1. NFHS data shows the percentage of Indian households with no toilet facility falling from 39 to 19 percent<\/strong> between 2015-16 and 2019-21 survey.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    2. A recent study published in Nature, SBM has contributed significantly to reducing infant and under-five mortality rates<\/strong> across the country \u2013 averting 60,000 \u2013 70,000 infant lives annually.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    3. It likely reduced exposure to faecal-oral pathogens,<\/strong> contributing to lower incidences of diarrhoea and malnutrition.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    4. A significant reduction in groundwater contamination<\/strong> was noted in ODF areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    5. According to the survey by UNICEF, with better access to sanitation facilities, 93% of women reported feeling safer<\/strong> at home. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
    6. It has reduced healthcare costs and increased productivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    7. It has made significant strides in improving sanitation in urban areas, addressing challenges such as waste management and public toilets.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    8. It empowered local communities to take ownership of their sanitation challenges through community-led sanitation programs<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

      However,there are certain limitations which need to be addressed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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      1. Ensuring the sustainability of newly constructed toilets remains a challenge, as maintenance and repair costs can be prohibitive for some communities. <\/li>\n\n\n\n
      2. Disparities in access to sanitation facilities persist between different regions and social groups, highlighting the need for targeted interventions. Example,Slum Sanitation Gaps in Urban Areas.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      3. Lack of Waste Treatment: Toilet construction in rural areas is not linked to waste treatment, leading to improper disposal of faecal sludge and environmental contamination.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      4.  Shortage of sanitation inspectors and inadequacy in recruitment efforts hinder effective monitoring and management of sanitation programs at the local level.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

        The Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) has made significant strides in improving sanitation in India, but it faces several challenges that must be addressed for long-term success and to create a more equitable and sustainable sanitation landscape for all Indians.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        PYQ <\/strong>:National Education Policy 2020 is in conformity with the Sustainable Development Goal-4 (2030). It intends to restructure and reorient education system in India. Critically examine the statement.Examine the main provisions of the National Child Policy and throw light on the status of its implementation.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

        Source:<\/strong>https:\/\/indianexpress.com\/article\/opinion\/editorials\/learning-from-the-success-of-the-swachh-bharat-mission-9557184\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

        https:\/\/static.pib.gov.in\/WriteReadData\/specificdocs\/documents\/2024\/sep\/doc202496389901.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n